Essay Enzyme Carbohydrate and Biolsci 210 ‐b

Essay Enzyme Carbohydrate and Biolsci 210 †b Essay Enzyme: Carbohydrate and Biolsci 210 †b Enzymes: How can antibodies be used to treat cocaine overdoses? What cocaine? Proteins are chains of aminoisacids An alkaloid metabolite found in the leaves of Erythroxylon coca Blocks removal of dopamine from synapses in the reward pathway of the central nervous system BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 2 Cocaine is of amino our bodies by hydrolysis Proteins are chains degraded inacids Hydrolysis of cocaine yields two biologically inactive products +H2O BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 3 (Bio)chemical reactions progress through transition states (TS) Proteins are chains of amino acids BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 4 Transition chains of amino acids Proteins are states are often different from reactant and products How is cocaine different from its transition state in hydrolysis? Transition state analog (TSA) BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 5 Proteins are chains ofWhat are acids amino antibodies? Antibody (Ab) is a large Y†shaped protein produced by B†cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects Antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, called an antigen Is this a tertiary or quaternary structure? BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 6 Production of chains of amino acids Proteins areantibodies can be induced by injection of specific antigens immunize with antigen obtain antibody specific for antigen BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 7 Discussion: How do antibodies help Proteins are chains of amino acidsprevent cocaine overdose? immunize with cocaine challenge with excess cocaine dies from overdose immunize with cocaine TSA challenge with excess cocaine survives 5 min BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 8 Stabilization of transition state leads Proteins are chains of amino acids to lower activation energy BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 9 Enzymes catalyzes reactions by binding to and stabilizing TS Proteins are chains of amino acids BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 10 Enzymes are highly specific Proteins are chains of amino acids catalysts Enzyme = a protein (or RNA) that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction Catalyst = enhances reaction rate without being consumed in the reaction BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 11 Proteins are chainsMost drugs inhibit enzymes of amino acids FDA orange book 1278 chemical entities approved for therapeutic use in the US 317 drugs act as enzyme inhibitors 78 target enzymes human 48 bacterial 13 viral 5 fungal 4 protozoal 1 fda.gov/cder/orange/obreadme.htm When the first print edition of Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations was being prepared October 1980, staff members had to choose a color for the cover. The project manager suggested, â€Å"It's almost Halloween. How about orange?† BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 12 Enzyme inhibitors are among Proteins are chains of amino acids the top 20 drugs Prescribed 1. Lipitor 2. Zocor 6. Nexium 11. Celebrex 17. Pravachol 20. Prevacid Enzyme Target HMG†CoA reductase HMG†CoA reductase Proton pump Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX†2) HMG†CoA reductase Proton pump 2004 sales $10.9 billion $5.2 billion $3.9 billion $3.3 billion $2.6 billion $2.6 billion COX†1 and COX†2 100,000 tons Over†the†counter Aspirin ~30% of approved drugs are enzyme inhibitors Understanding principles of enzyme inhibition has practical consequences BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 13 HIV of amino acids Proteins are chains maturation requires proteases HIV proteins are made as polyproteins, which are then processed by HIV protease to form individual, functional proteins BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 14 ProteinsDiscussion: How do HIV protease inhibitors function? are chains of amino acids 5 min Indinavir Amprenavir Saquinavir Ritonavir Nelfinavir BiolSci 210†B | 1/28/13 | 15

The History of Space Shuttle Challenger

The History of Space Shuttle Challenger Each year in January, NASA honors its lost astronauts in ceremonies marking the loss of space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, and the Apollo 1 spacecraft. The space shuttle  Challenger, which was first called STA-099, was built to serve as a test vehicle for NASAs shuttle program. It was named after the British Naval research vessel HMS Challenger, which  sailed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during the 1870s. The Apollo 17 lunar module also carried the name of Challenger. Space Shuttle Challenger Liftoff. This spacecraft was lost on January 28, 1986, when it exploded 73 seconds after takeoff. Seven crew members lost their lives. Public Domain, NASA In early 1979, NASA awarded space shuttle orbiter manufacturer Rockwell a contract to convert STA-099 to a space-rated orbiter, OV-099. It was completed and delivered in 1982, after construction and a year of intensive vibration and thermal testing, just as all its sister ships were when they were built. It was the second operational orbiter to become operational in the space program and had a promising future as a historic workhorse delivering crews and objects to space.   Challengers Flight History On April 4, 1983, Challenger launched on her maiden voyage for the STS-6 mission. During that time, the first spacewalk of the space shuttle program took place. The Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA), performed by astronauts Donald Peterson and Story Musgrave, lasted just over four hours. The mission also saw the deployment of the first satellite in the Tracking and Data Relay System constellation (TDRS). These satellites were designed for communications between Earth and space. The next numerical space shuttle mission for Challenger (though not in chronological order), STS-7, launched the first American woman, Sally Ride, into space. For the STS-8 launch, which actually occurred before STS-7, Challenger was the first orbiter to take off and land at night. Later, it was the first to carry two U.S. female astronauts on mission STS 41-G. It also made the first space shuttle landing at Kennedy Space Center, concluding mission STS 41-B. Spacelabs 2 and 3 flew aboard the ship on missions STS 51-F and STS 51-B, as did the first German-dedicated Spacelab on STS 61-A. Challenger once carried a spacelab to orbit for astronauts to use for scientific missions. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA-MSFC) Challengers Untimely End After nine successful missions, the Challenger launched on its final mission, STS-51L on January 28, 1986, with seven astronauts aboard. They were: Gregory Jarvis,  Christa McAuliffe,  Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka,  Judith Resnik,  Dick Scobee,  and Michael J. Smith. McAuliffe was to be the first teacher in space and had been selected from a field of educators from around the United States. She had planned a series of lessons to be conducted from space, broadcast to students throughout the U.S.   Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster STS-51L Pictures - LOX Tank Rupture. NASA Seventy-three seconds into the mission, the Challenger exploded, killing the entire crew. It was the first tragedy of the space shuttle program, followed in 2002 by the loss of the shuttle Columbia.  After a lengthy investigation, NASA concluded that the shuttle was destroyed when an O-ring on a solid rocket booster failed. The seal design was faulty, and the problem was made worse by unusually cold weather in Florida just prior to launch.  Booster rocket flames passed through the failed seal, and burned through the external fuel tank. That detached one of the supports that held the booster to the side of the tank. The booster broke loose and collided with the tank, piercing its side. Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuels from the tank and booster mixed and ignited, tearing  Challenger  apart.   A piece of the space shuttle Challenger that was recovered, being placed into its final resting place at Kennedy Space Center. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) Pieces of the shuttle fell into the ocean immediately following the breakup, including the crew cabin. It was one of the most graphic and publicly viewed disasters of the space program and was filmed from many different angles by NASA and observers. The space agency began recovery efforts almost immediately, using a fleet of submersibles and Coast Guard cutters. It took months to recover all the orbiter pieces and the remains of the crew.   In the wake of the disaster, NASA immediately halted all launches. The restrictions on flight lasted for two years, while the so-called Rogers Commission investigated all aspects of the disaster. Such intense inquiries are part of an accident involving spacecraft and it was important for the agency to understand exactly what happened and take steps to make sure such an accident didnt occur again.   Space Shuttle Challenger final crew. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) NASAs Return to Flight Once the problems that led to the Challengers destruction were understood and fixed, NASA resumed shuttle launches on September 29th, 1988. It was the seventh flight of the Discovery orbiter The two-year moratorium on launches put a number of missions back, including the launch and deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope. In addition, a fleet of classified satellites was also delayed. It also forced NASA and its contractors to redesign the solid rocket boosters so that they could be safely launched again.   The Challenger Legacy To memorialize the crew of the lost shuttle, the victims families established a series of science education facilities called the Challenger Centers. These are located  around the world and were designed as space education centers, in memory of the crew members, particularly Christa McAuliffe.   The crew has been remembered in movie dedications, their names have been used for craters on the Moon, mountains on Mars, a mountain range on Pluto, and schools, planetarium facilities  and even a stadium in Texas. Musicians, songwriters, and artists have dedicated works in their memories. The legacy of the shuttle and its lost crew will live on in peoples memory as a tribute to their sacrifice to advance space exploration. Fast Facts Space shuttle Challenger was destroyed 73 seconds into launch on January 28, 1986.Seven crew members were killed when the shuttle broke apart in an explosion.After a two-year delay, NASA resumed launches after an investigation found underlying problems for the agency to solve. Resources NASA, NASA, er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/explode.html.NASA, NASA, history.nasa.gov/sts51l.html.â€Å"The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster.†Ã‚  Space Safety Magazine, www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-disasters/challenger-disaster/. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Qualitative methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitative methods - Essay Example 2013). In order to avoid any probable deviation this research method focuses on limited sample or delimitating the research area. In the end of qualitative research certain suggestions are also given which are optional and general. Theory is taken to explore solution of hypothesis and data is collected. Data is collected from two sources i.e. primary and secondary. The primary methods are the interview, group discussion, observation, case study, different texts, visual images etc. The secondary methods are consultation of reference material, certain pictures related to focus data and visiting different libraries. Advantages 1. The basic question of a human is† why† and it is satisfied here in this research method. 2. It is easy to conduct as it does not require too much money. 3. It’s more focused with delimitation of sample. Disadvantages 1. Its limited to just a particular chosen sample so what applies to one sample cannot be applied to other sample of same popul ation. 2. It does not give statistics of a fact. Participant observation   It is an approach to collect data in qualitative research. This technique is used for disciplines as sociology, psychology human geography etc.  Often it comes close to certain group or parties like a group of a certain occupation, culture or religion and their behavior at a given time. It is of four types. How it is Useful This method is used to observe informal behavior of participant. It gives a better understanding to the researcher when he or she himself/herself gets involve practically. Different approaches are used as Informal interviews, direct  observing the sample, group participation and discussion,  tracing the personal history, derived results from these approaches. It may take time as months till years to derive results (Profile, 2012). Advantages 1. It’s valid and accepted more because it is an observation. 2. It brings social grooming on the part of observer and he/she gets to l earn how to interact in a better way. Disadvantages 1. It’s difficult to remain objective while observation because a researcher may get biased or participant can have influence on him. 2. A participant may behave artificially so it may give fake observation. 3. It takes too much time. Interview Checklist Interview Checklist is dos and don’ts of an interview. It is a formal criteria to judge an interview if it goes successful or not. Certain factors as appearance, application, personality, attitude, response, body language impressions are counted. Two types of interview are taken normally i.e. structured and less structured. How it is Useful It is useful to conduct a good interview. It gives an understanding of whole environment of interview and the particular behavior of respondent and interviewer. It gives the key to successful interview. Advantages Depending upon the types we discuss advantages as follows Structured Interview 1. It has a vast sample, so it’s beneficial. 2. Questions are arranged in sequence to

Policy in Lundy Marine Nature Reserve Yields Positive Results Article

Policy in Lundy Marine Nature Reserve Yields Positive Results - Article Example It is administered by the Torridge district of the county of Devon. It has a total area of 4.24 km2 and has a resident population of 18 people located at the south of the island. The island was leased by the National Trust to the Landmark Trust. It was named as the 10th greatest natural wonder in Britain by the 2005 opinion poll of Radio Times (wikipedia, 2006). Due to the development of the aqualung, Lundy's incredibly diverse marine plants and animals were discovered. The array includes rare and unusual species such as the solitary cup corals, sea fans and sponges. An explanation offered for the diversity is the variety of underwater habitats in its seabed. The variety in shelter coupled with the also varied water current conditions present in the area gave opportunities for a wider variety of species that can inhabit the waters of the island. (Lundy Org, 2006) This discovery served as the stimulant for legislation aimed at protecting the area. It started with a 1971 proposal by the Lundy Field Society to establish a marine reserve and finalized with the 1986 announcement of the then Secretary of State for the Environment designating Lundy as a statutory reserve. Lundy is England's only statutory Marine Nature Reserve. The reserve is managed in partnership by English Nature, the Environment Agency, Devon Sea Fisheries Committee (DSFC), the National Trust and ... A warden is employed by the Landmark Trust for the oversight of the reserve. (ENO, 2004) Policies The Marine Nature Reserve employs a zoning scheme and is illustrated below (Lundy Org, 2006): Zones within the Marine Nature Reserve: The Red Area is the No-Take Zone The Yellow Area is the Refuge Zone: no fishing except potting or angling. The Green Area is the Recreational Zone: restrictions the same for the Refuge Zone (yellow) but be aware of other water users The Black Circles indicate legally Protected Wrecks : no diving or fishing without a license from English Heritage is allowed The Blue Area covers the rest of the Marine Nature Reserve and is the General Use Zone: all activities allowed except spear fishing. A prominent feature of the zoning scheme is the NO TAKE ZONE (NTZ). This zone employs the policy of prohibiting fishing and even collection of any kind of sea life in the waters east of Lundy. The implementation of this policy is ensured by the DSFC as it is incorporated in their by-law. The NTZ has coordinates north to Lat 51 12.04N, south to Lat 51 10.07N and east from Lundy's shores to Long 004 39.00W. Anchors and diver shot lines within 100m of the Knoll Pins is also prohibited in this zone. The No Take Zone was predicted to be able to enhance populations of fish and shellfish stocks within and outside the closed area by establishing a refuge for fish and shellfish stocks. Greater catches of fish for fishermen around the edges of the closed area was also seen as probable. The island's tourism industry was also seen as a direct beneficiary of the project. The reserve employs the following system (Lundy Org, 2006): Since underwater wildlife

The Role of An Individual As It Comes From Toni Morrison Essay Example for Free

The Role of An Individual As It Comes From Toni Morrison Essay â€Å"If there’s a book you want to read, but it hasn’t been written yet, then you must write it. † (Morrison). In reading Toni Morrison’s short story â€Å"Recitatif,† there are several things that Morrison does for her readers that allow us to relate and make the story our own. Morrison is a prime example of how language and translation play a role in the reader’s experience and what the reader takes away from the story. In â€Å"Recitatif† Morrison also helps the reader understand how much the past affects one’s future. â€Å"The past is never dead, it’s not even past. † (William Faulkner, Requiem for a Nun). The way in which Toni Morrison begins â€Å"Recitatif† is crucial to understand the entire story. It is just as Faulkner has said in the aforementioned quote; the past is never dead. Twyla and Roberta have both been dramatically affected by their past and the stereotypes others have planted. Before Twyla and Roberta even got to talk more than a few words, Twyla had assumptions about Roberta, ideas constructed by her past. This is ever true for each of us. Based on the experiences and circumstances we previously endured, we mold our future. Our individuality is mainly based  on others in that because of what others inflict on us or walk with us through, we build our future. We are but the summation of our past. Thurmond 2 Both girls may have had already formed ideas about each other. However the reader cannot do the same. Morrison does not allow the reader to know which character is white and which is black. She does this to portray the difference between necessary characteristics and accidental characteristics. By not know which girl is which race, we cannot make automatic assumptions, this is known as accidental characteristics. Accidental characteristics are not  provided in a story but assumed, and dramatically affect perception. A necessary characteristic is purposely revealed in hopes that we as readers would mold our ideas of the story more closely with what the author intended. Virginia Woolf believed that the problem with 1920s authors was that they focused on the physical, not the mental, but Toni Morrison removes the physical so readers can more accurately assess the story. Morrison is very straight to the point. She says what she needs to say and does not say what she does not need to say. She is honest and blunt, and this helps readers to dig deeper than the text. Her language is very easy to understand, she eliminates any questions of confusion readers may have regarding the story. Also, by her putting the story into easy-to-understand language, it allows the reader to relate to her on a new level. Simple language and easy translation helps the audience take the story and make it their own, thus giving them a connection to the work. When a reader says a story â€Å"speaks† to them, perhaps this is what they mean. If a reader can easily understand the story, they can easily dig deeper and re-tell the story in a way that only they can. My version of â€Å"Recitatif† would be considerably different that  someone else’s because it means something different to me than to them. There are many things to be said about Toni Morrison and her story â€Å"Recitatif†. As it relates to language and translation, I do not think anyone would complain about her style. She has a way with words that allows the reader to, instead of evaluating the story, evaluate Thurmond 3 themselves through her story. Is this not what it is all about? As individuals, Morrison encourages us to be ourselves, because that is all we can be. We can shape our lives and tell our story in a way that no one else could; so be you, no one else can do that.

Oxymorons :: essays research papers

OXYMORONS A  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Act naturally  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advanced BASIC  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost exactly  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alone together  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American English  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Authentic replica  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Awfully good B (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bad luck  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Baked Alaska  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bittersweet  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Black light  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blank expression  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Business ethics  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Butthead C (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  California expressway  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cardinal sin  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christian Scientist  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Civil war  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classic novel  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classically modern  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clearly confused  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cold comfort  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communist leader  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conspicuous absence  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Constant change  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cowardly lion  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Criminal justice D (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deafening silence  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death benefits  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definite maybe  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deliberate thoughtlessness  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Down escalator  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dry wine  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dynamic equilibrium E (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eloquent silence  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  European Community  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evaporated milk  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even odds  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Exact estimate  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extensive briefing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extinct life  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eyes Wide Shut G (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fairly dark  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Famous Belgians  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feminine logic  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forgotten memories  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Found missing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free love  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freezer burn  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fresh-frozen  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friendly fire  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Front end  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fun run  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fuzzy logic G (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genuine imitation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good grief  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government organization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government service  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great Britain  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great Depression  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guest host H (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hell's Angels  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Highly underestimated  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holy war  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Homeless shelter  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hopelessly optimistic I (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Idiot savant  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ill health  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Include me out  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industrial park  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Instant classic  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Intense apathy J (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Job security  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jumbo shrimp L (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Least favorite  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Light heavyweight  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liquid gas  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Little giant  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Live recording  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Living dead  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loosely packed  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loose tights M (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make haste slowly  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managed competition  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microsoft Works  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mild abrasive  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mild enthusiasm  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Military intelligence  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minor crisis  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern history N (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Natural additives  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Noble savage  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-alcoholic beer  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-working mother  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normal deviation  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nothing much  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Numb feeling O (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oddly appropriate  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Old news  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only choice  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Open secret  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Original copy P (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paid volunteer  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paperless ofice  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Passive aggression  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peace force  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peace offensive  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peacekeeper missile  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plastic wood  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Positively cynical  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Press release  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pretty ugly  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pronounced silence R (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Random order  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rap music  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Real potential  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recorded live  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resident alien  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rock opera  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rolling stop S (Top)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safe sex  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety hazard

Acct 559 Quiz 1 Solution

Quiz I (Chapters 1and 2) Date: Name: ID: Answer the following Questions: 1. Tower Inc. owns 30% of Yale Co. and applies the equity method. During the current year, Tower bought inventory costing $66,000 and then sold it to Yale for $120,000. At year-end, only $24,000 of merchandise was still being held by Yale. What amount of inter-company inventory profit must be deferred by Tower? A. $6,480 B. $3,240 C. $10,800 D. $16,200 E. $6,610 2. All of the following statements regarding the investment account using the equity method are true except A. The investment is recorded at cost B.Dividends received are reported as revenue C. Net income of investee increases the investment account D. Dividends received reduce the investment account E. Amortization of fair value over cost reduces the investment account3. After allocating cost in excess of book value, which asset or liability would not be amortized over a useful life? A. Cost of goods sold B. Property, plant, & equipment C. Patents D. Goodwill E. Bonds payable4. A company should always use the equity method to account for an investment if A. it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating policies of the investee.B. it owns 30% of another company's stock. C. it has a controlling interest (more than 50%) of another company's stock. D. the investment was made primarily to earn a return on excess cash. E. it does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating policies of the investee.5. An upstream sale of inventory is a sale A. between subsidiaries owned by a common parent. B. with the transfer of goods scheduled by contract to occur on a specified future date. C. in which the goods are physically transported by boat from a subsidiary to its parent. D. ade by the investor to the investee. E. made by the investee to the investor.6. In a situation where the investor exercises significant influence over the investee, which of the following entries is not actually posted to the books of the investor?1) Debit to the Investment account and a Credit to the Equity in Investee Income account.2) Debit to Cash (for dividends received from the investee) and a Credit to Dividend Revenue.3) Debit to Cash (for dividends received from the investee) and a Credit to the Investment account. A. Entries 1 and 2 B. Entries 2 and 3 C. Entry 1 only D.Entry 2 only E. Entry 3 only7. All of the following statements regardi ng the investment account using the equity method are true except A. The investment is recorded at cost B. Dividends received are reported as revenue C. Net income of investee increases the investment account D. Dividends received reduce the investment account E. Amortization of fair value over cost reduces the investment account8. A company has been using the fair-value method to account for its investment. The company now has the ability to significantly control the investee and the equity method has been deemed appropriate.Which of the following statements is true? A. A cumulative effect change in accounting principle must occur B. A prospective change in accounting principle must occur C. A retrospective change in accounting principle must occur D. The investor will not receive future dividends from the investee E. Future dividends will continue to be recorded as revenue9. A company has been using the equity method to account for its investment. The company sells shares and does not continue to have significant control. Which of the following statements is true? A. A cumulative effect change in accounting principle must occur B. A prospective change in accounting principle must occur C. A retrospective change in accounting principle must occur D. The investor will not receive future dividends from the investee E. Future dividends will continue to reduce the investment account10. After allocating cost in excess of book value, which asset or liability would not be amortized over a useful life? A. Cost of goods sold B. Property, plant, & equipment C. Patents D. Goodwill E. Bonds payable11. How are stock issuance costs and direct combination costs treated in a business combination which is accounted for as an acquisition when the subsidiary will retain its incorporation? A. Stock issuance costs are a part of the acquisition costs and the direct combination costs are expensed B. Direct combination costs are a part of the acquisition costs and the stock issuance costs are a reduction to additional paid-in capital C. Direct combination costs are expensed and stock issuance costs are a reduction to additional paid-in capital D. Both are treated as part of the acquisition price E. Both are treated as a reduction to additional paid-in capital12. Lisa Co. paid cash for all of the voting common stock of Victoria Corp. Victoria will continue to exist as a separate corporation. Entries for the consolidation of Lisa and Victoria would be recorded in A. A worksheet B. Lisa's general journal C. Victoria's general journal D. Victoria's secret consolidation journal E. The general journals of both companies13. At the date of an acquisition which is not a bargain purchase, the acquisition method A. Consolidates the subsidiary's assets at fair value and the liabilities at book value B.Consolidates all subsidiary assets and liabilities at book value C. Consolidates all subsidiary assets and liabilities at fair value D. Consolidates current assets and liabi lities at book value, long-term assets and liabilities at fair value E. Consolidates the subsidiary's assets at book value and the liabilities at fair value14. Which of the following statements is true regarding a statutory consolidation? A. The original companies dissolve while remaining as separate divisions of a newly created company B. Both companies remain in existence as legal corporations with one corporation now a subsidiary of the acquiring company C.The acquired company dissolves as a separate corporation and becomes a division of the acquiring company D. The acquiring company acquires the stock of the acquired company as an investment E. A statutory consolidation is no longer a legal option15. In a transaction accounted for using the purchase method where cost is less than fair value which statement is true? A. Negative goodwill is recorded B. A deferred credit is recorded C. Long-term assets of the acquired company are reduced in proportion to their fair values. Any exce ss is recorded as a deferred credit D.Long-term assets of the acquired company are reduced in proportion to their fair values. Any excess is recorded as an extraordinary gain E. Long-term assets and liabilities of the acquired company are reduced in proportion to their fair values. Any excess is recorded as an extraordinary gain16. In a purchase or acquisition where control is achieved, how would the land accounts of the parent and the land accounts of the subsidiary be combined? A. Entry A B. Entry B C. Entry C D. Entry D E. Entry E17. In a pooling of interests, A.Revenues and expenses are consolidated for the entire fiscal year, even if the combination occurred late in the year B. Goodwill may be recognized C. Consolidation is accomplished using the fair values of both companies D. The transactions may involve the exchange of preferred stock or debt securities as well as common stock E. The transaction is properly regarded as an acquisition of one company by another Prior to being united in a business combination, Botkins Inc. and Volkerson Corp. had the following stockholders' equity figures: Botkins issued 56,000 new shares of its common stock valued at $3. 5 per share for all of the outstanding stock of Volkerson.18. Assume that Botkins acquired Volkerson as a purchase combination. Immediately afterwards, what are consolidated Additional Paid-In Capital and Retained Earnings, respectively? A. $133,000 and $360,000 B. $236,000 and $360,000 C. $130,000 and $360,000 D. $236,000 and $490,000 E. $133,000 and $490,00019. Assume that Botkins and Volkerson were being joined in a pooling of interests and this occurred on January 1, 2000, using the same values given. Immediately afterwards, what is consolidated Additional Paid-In Capital? A. 138,000 B. $266,000 C. $130,000 D. $236,000 E. $135,00020. Chapel Hill Company had common stock of $350,000 and retained earnings of $490,000. Blue Town Inc. had common stock of $700,000 and retained earnings of $980,000. On Ja nuary 1, 2009, Blue Town issued 34,000 shares of common stock with a $12 par value and a $35 fair value for all of Chapel Hill Company's outstanding common stock. This combination was accounted for as an acquisition. Immediately after the combination, what was the consolidated net assets? A. $2,520,000 B. $1,190,000 C. $1,680,000 D. $2,870,000 E. $2,030,000

David Suzuki

David Suzuki is the co- founder of the David Suzuki Foundation. He is an international award winning scientist. He’s just not a scientist; he’s also an environmentalist, a professor and a broadcaster. He is very famous for his programs that talks about the complexities of the natural science. He is known for expertise in genetics. David Suzuki wasn’t always interested in the environment. His father, Kaoru Carr Suzuki’s work got him interested and sensitized to nature. David Suzuki moved to London, Ontario with his family when he was in high school.He attended London Central Secondary School and was the Student Council president with the most votes combined for his last year there. After high school, he attended Amherst College and graduated in 1958 with diploma in Biology. He also got a Ph. D. in Zoology in 1961 from the University of Chicago. After getting his Ph. D. he has been a professor in the University of British Columbia for almost 40 years. Goals and Location: David Suzuki has his own organization called the David Suzuki Foundation. They think of very good projects to do to help save the environment and make it better.Their mission is to help protect the diversity of nature and our quality of life for the future. Their main goal is to help and improve the Earth! They help the Earth by doing things such as: Protecting the Climate, Transforming the Economy, Protecting nature, reconnecting with nature and Building Community. One of the main things they advise people of all ages to do its plant trees so it helps our earth to purify air and keep it a much greener place to live in. A lot of people know about his goals to help the environment and how to get involved in it because of the books that he writes.He is very successful as an author all around the world and so are his books. Some of his books are: Looking at the Environment, Looking at the Body, A Glimpse of Canada’s Future, and Earth Time etc. David Suzuki is known as the leader in sustainable ecology. The David Suzuki Foundation is located in Toronto, Ontario. David Suzuki does most of his work in Canada but also does many of his research outside of Canada, such as the USA. Major Projects: David Suzuki and his foundation work on many different projects throughout the year.There are 2 major projects that he and his organization are working on right now, which are: Race to the Top & Trottier Energy Futures Project. Race to the top is about trying to achieve the goal to slowing down climate changing affects. Climate change affects everyone and is affecting every individual out there. The action that climate change is taking is crucial and is really harming the earth. We can slow this crucial change by taking action today. By taking action, it helps protecting our future grandchildren and avoiding unwanted impacts.The biggest way we can take action for this cause is by trying to get the federal and provincial government involved so they can let the Citizens of Canada know how important this is. The second major project David Suzuki and his foundation are working on right now is the Trottier Energy Futures Project. This project is about how our future would be with a cleaner environment. It is trying to make Canada the leader in innovative clean-energy solutions. Canada can make this happen by developing energy systems that are secure, affordable, and free from harmful emissions and other environmental effects.This project is an effort to determine how Canada can dramatically reduce its emissions of the greenhouse gas that are the main cause of global climate change. Climate change is a very big problem because of the increased frequency of severe weather disasters has drawn attention to climate change as one of the most serious challenges facing humanity. This project will help because it will include scientific reviews of energy production and distribution opportunities available to Canada, taking in economic, social and environmental concerns. The Active Citizen:Anyone can get involved in making the Earth a better place. We can get involved by doing many things such as: Recycling Electronics, Reducing your Carbon Footprint, Connecting youth with nature and by making your workplace greener. Individually, you can recycle our electronics instead of throwing it away in landfills and harming the environment even more. One of the best places to recycle is with Think Recycle. You will be helping the David Suzuki Foundation to aid in protecting the nature and our quality of life. Recycling is cost-free and will help the David Suzuki Foundation to raise money.As a class, the best way to get involved is by connecting youth with nature. We could go to our family members, cousins and relatives and inform them about how we should protect the nature for the good of Earth. We could go to elementary schools and tell the children about how connecting them with nature is helpful for themselves and the Earth. Helping nature and spending time in nature helps kids improve their memory, problem solving skills and creativity. Kids also become physically healthier by doing this. On a School wide level, we can get involved by reducing our carbon footprint.We can do this by switching to energy efficient lighting, cutting our energy use, driving smarter, not polluting water and travelling sustainably. These are very successful ways to get involved in protecting our Earth. Successes and Failures: David Suzuki had a lot of successes but not many failures. The two most successful things he did in the past year is his book writing and making a huge change in BC. His books were sold all around the world which was telling citizens how we can protect the environment, what are we doing that’s harming our planet and many more exciting facts about nature.Citizens were doing things that would protect our planet and make it healthier. This all happened because David Suzuki’s books gave them interest in making our planet a better place. This was one of the most successful things David Suzuki did this year. He got British Columbia to reduce energy consumption by 7. 3% more than the rest of Canada. It was a very hard thing to do but it was accomplished. His organization plans to do more successful projects like this in the future. One of the things David Suzuki failed to do was to convince some people that we need the environment and our trees.The people wanted more growth to happen in a certain area without thinking of the harmful things that will happen to nature when we cut and destroy trees. David Suzuki was overall successful and barely experienced any failures. Global Citizenship: A Global Citizen is a responsible community member. David Suzuki is a Global Citizen because he always cared about nature and our environment. He has many goals that he has set to achieve in the future. He took the responsibility to take care of the environment that’s surrounding us. He made his own organization and got people involved to do what he always does.He makes books which millions of people read and also learn about how to protect our Earth. The project’s he does has been improving our environment more than ever. He is fighting against climate change, involving global warming, and its effects on the world. David Suzuki also plans to save wildlife in forests, which are losing their homes from industrial forest demolition. He is attempting to protect oceans and other bodies of water from pollution and the creatures living within it, with the help of people who are willing to save our water.David was nominated as one of the top ten â€Å"Greatest Canadians† by CBC viewers in 2004. This was because he was helping out Canadians by engaging the population of Canada to live healthier and use less resources offered by nature. He didn’t only win that award. He won lots more because he was determined to protect the diversity of Canada’s mari ne, freshwater and ecosystems. Lastly, he is one of the most amazing global citizens I know because his goal in his lifetime is to create a better planet for our generation and mostly the upcoming generations that are likely to inhabit our world.

Year 2 Inorg 2 Moodle Protocol 2014 15 Essay

Year 2 Inorg 2 Moodle Protocol 2014 15 Essay Year 2 Inorg 2 Moodle Protocol 2014 15 Essay Year 2 Inorganic 2 Linkage Isomerism of Some Cobalt Complexes Objectives Upon completion of this experiment you should understand: (1) Techniques of synthesising nitrito-ÃŽ ºO and nitrito-ÃŽ ºN linkage isomers of cobalt(III), understand their structures, and the mechanisms of the reactions by which they form. (2) How to confirm if nitrito-ÃŽ ºO or nitrito-ÃŽ ºN isomers are present using infra-red spectroscopy. Aim This experiment will illustrate linkage isomerism. Introduction A common property of coordination compounds is that they often occur in isomeric forms having the same empirical formula, but with a different arrangement of atoms. Many types of isomerism exist, more so than in organic chemistry e.g. geometrical, optical, ionisation, ligand isomerism etc. (see CH160 lecture notes). Linkage isomers arise because some ligands can bond via one donor atom in one compound, but via a different atom of the same ligand in another compound. Typical examples of linkage isomersism are: NO2– M-NO2 nitrito-ÃŽ ºN (formerly nitro) M-ONO nitrito-ÃŽ ºO (formerly nitrito) CN– M-CN cyanido-ÃŽ ºC (formerly cyano) M-NC cyanido-ÃŽ ºN (formerly isocyano) NCSï€ ­ M-SCN thiocyanato-ÃŽ ºS (thiocyanato) M-NCS thiocyanato-ÃŽ ºN (isothiocyanato) (Note the old names are given for some of these complexes, which may help with background reading.) In this experiment, you will prepare two compounds with identical formula [Co(NH3)5X]Cl2 where X=NO2. One form is red and the other yellow, the difference arises depending on if NO2 is N- or O-bonded to the Co(III); see Equilibrium (1). (1) The equilibrium, above, actually lies well to the right and the only reason the ÃŽ ºO form can be obtained is that it is the first product when the aqua complex [Co(NH3)5OH2]3+, formed as an intermediate, reacts with a nitrite buffer [details are in R.G. Pearson,P.M. Henry, J.G. Bergmann and F. Basolo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76, 5920, (1954)]. This reaction is interesting because it is a good example of an intramolecular rearrangement (see R.K Murmann and H. Taube, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 4886, (1954)). It is also possible to reverse this reaction (ÃŽ ºN to ÃŽ ºO) using UV light. In these two isomers the ligand possesses different steric requirements in the two forms, the angle ï  ¡ (see Figure 1 below) being greater than the angle ï  ¢. In the nitrito-ÃŽ ºO isomer, the O–atom bonded to Co also acts as a π– donor ligand, and since the acceptor orbital on Co is already full (t2g6) this is not the thermodynamically favoured bonding mode. In the nititro-ÃŽ ºN isomer, the N–bonded nitro group acts as a Ï€-acceptor ligand, and accepts electron density from the full Co t2g orbital 1 Figure 1: The different steric requirements of nitrito-ÃŽ ºN (left) and nitrito-ÃŽ ºO (right) The rate of isomerisation of the nitrito-ÃŽ ºO to the nitrito-ÃŽ ºN compound can, of course, be determined by UVvisible spectroscopy, since the species are different colours. However in this experiment you will use infra-red spectroscopy to monitor the change. Safety Carry out all experimental work in a fume cupboard; wear safety spectacles and lab coats at all times. Concentrated ammonia (ammonium hydroxide 18.1 M, density = 0.88) Corrosive, vapour intense irritant to eyes and respiratory system, Use in fume cupboard, wear blue nitrile gloves and eye protection. Metal ions Often toxic, wear gloves. Carefully mop up any spillages, and avoid inhaling any metal containing dust powders. The metal salts you will use are all water soluble and small quantities may be dissolved in water for disposal. Sodium nitrite Irritant Concentrated hydrochloric acid (11.65 M HCl) & diluted hydrochloric acid (6 M HCl) Caustic, will burn skin and eyes, irritant vapour. Use in fume cupboard, wear gloves and eye protection, wash away any small spillages with plenty of water. Experimental Protocol Notes You will require a number of ice-cold liquids for these experiments, you will save time if you prepare these solutions first and store on ice. You use three different concentration of

Definition and Examples of Editors

Definition and Examples of Editors An editor is an individual who oversees the preparation of a text for newspapers, magazines, scholarly journals, and books. The term editor may also refer to an individual who assists an author in copyediting a text. Editor Chris King describes her work as invisible mending. An editor, she says, is  like a ghost, in that her handiwork should never be apparent (Ghosting and Co-Writing in  The Ultimate Writing Coach, 2010).   Examples and Observations A good editor understands what youre talking and writing about and doesnt meddle too much.(Irwin Shaw)The worst editor of an authors writings is himself.(William Hone)Every writer needs at least one editor; most of us need two.(Donald Murray) Kinds of EditorsThere are many kinds of editors, related but not the same: journal editors; series editors; those who work with newspapers, magazines, films, as well as with books. The two kinds that concern us in scholarly publishing are editors and copyeditors. Unfortunately, the first term is commonly used for both, the causeor rather the resultof a confusion in thinking. . . .To define and oversimplify . . . the editors mind sees the entire manuscript, grasps the thinking behind it, clear or not clear, is trained to judge its intellectual quality and relation to other work, can spot a chapter or a section or even a paragraph that has gone awry, and can tell the author where to fix it and sometimes how. But this kind of mind is often impatient with lesser matters, does not relish the painstaking, and often painful, work of detailed correction.(August Frugà ©, A Skeptic Among Scholars. University of California Press, 1993) A Sense of HierarchyEditors need a hierarchical sense of a manuscript, a book, or article. They need to see its structure, its totality, before they become involved in minutiae. A writer should be on the alert when an editor starts by fixing commas or suggesting little cuts when the real problem resides at the level of organization or strategy or point of view. Most problems in writing are structural, even on the scale of the page. . . .A sense of hierarchy is all the more necessary in editing because writers, too, want to concentrate on the little things. . . . To take your pencil to a manuscript is to endorse it, to say it just needs some fixes, when in fact it is just as likely to need rethinking altogether. I want to say and sometimes do say, Well, lets see if its ready to be marked up.(Richard Todd in Good Prose: The Art of Nonfiction by Tracy Kidder and Richard Todd (Random House, 2013) Roles of an EditorEditors in publishing houses can be perceived as basically performing three different roles, all of them simultaneously. First, they must find and select the books the house is to publish. Second, they edit . . .. And third, they perform the Janus-like function of representing the house to the author and the author to the house.(Alan D. Williams, What Is an Editor? Editors on Editing, ed. by Gerald Gross. Grove, 1993) An Editors LimitsA writers best work comes entirely from himself. The [editing] process is so simple. If you have a Mark Twain, dont try to make him into a Shakespeare or make a Shakespeare into a Mark Twain. Because in the end an editor can get only as much out of an author as the author has in him.(Maxwell Perkins, quoted by A. Scott Berg in Max Perkins: Editor of Genius. Riverhead, 1978) Heywood Broun on the Editorial MindThe editorial mind, so called, is afflicted with the King Cole complex. Types subject to this delusion are apt to believe that all they need do to get a thing is to call for it. You may remember that King Cole called for his bowl just as if there were no such thing as a Volstead amendment. What we want is humor, says an editor, and he expects the unfortunate author to trot around the corner and come back with a quart of quips.An editor would classify What we want is humor as a piece of cooperation on his part. It seems to him a perfect division of labor. After all, nothing remains for the author to do except to write.(Heywood Broun, Are Editors People? Pieces of Hate and Other Enthusiasms. Charles H. Doran, 1922)

The Unity of the Old and New Testament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Unity of the Old and New Testament - Essay Example Matthew and the Revelation of St. John the Divine, so as to see how they relate with the Old Testament. First, it is important to acknowledge that the New Testament is premised upon, and works on, and from the substance and the religious and cultural heritage in the Old Testament. In the Old Testament, there is the reality of the beginning: the beginning of God’s creation and all life forms, the beginning of sin, suffering, sickness, senescence and death, the first declaration of the plan of redemption and the coming Messiah, and the establishment of covenants. As God establishes His covenants with man, He interacts with man and this forms the bulk of religious and cultural heritage for the Jew. The New Testament then comes up and interprets, re-interprets and gives the encounters, realities and institutions newer meaning. In respect to the above, about 1,800 BC, Abraham is called and made the father of the Jews (Genesis 12:2 and 17:4-7). A covenant is made and circumcision is instituted as the seal of the covenant. Later on, Abraham’s descendants are taken into bondage for 430 years in Egypt, and after that, a 40-year wilderness experience. These experiences forge Israel into a common nation, having a common religious, socio-cultural and linguistic heritage. The tabernacle, the temple, the 490 years stay in Canaan, the Babylonian Exile and the post-exilic experiences are all Old Testament realities and substance that later add to the Jews’ cultural and religious heritage. Thus, when Jesus Christ comes into the scene, He comes against the backdrop of the development above. The messages He preaches are understood by the Jews in light of the Old Testament. For instance, Matthew 21:33-46 presents the Jewish audience (as the immediate audience) with the parable of the wicked tenants and since this audience is well acquainted with the Jewish tradition. The Jewish religious history in this case is replete with the killing of God’s prophets and servants, as can be seen in Matthew 23:31. As Jews, even the Pharisees understood the meaning of the parable, and this is why they sought to kill Jesus. In a closely related wavelength, during Jesus’ forty-day fast and subsequent temptation by Satan, the Old Testament Scripture is revisited heavily. Satan quotes from Psalm 91:11-12, while Jesus quotes from Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 6:16 and Deuteronomy 6:13 or 10:20. Because of the foregoing, one can rightly surmise and posit that between the Old and New Testament, there is a strong element of continuity. The aspect of continuity is underscored by the fact that: the New Testament message addresses the same nation which was formed from Abraham; the same religious and socio-cultural traditions and heritage are used to enhance the New Testament message and give it new meaning. It is this aspect of continuity which allowed the Jews to understand the teachings of Jesus and later, the apostles. According to Stark, the aspec t of continuity is carried over to St. John’s Revelation which is heavily littered with Old Testament themes, particularly, Exodus. Exodus 15 presents the Jewish nation and Christians with the first song in the Bible, the Song of Moses. It is interesting that the last book of the Bible and New Testament is also graced with the Song of Moses (Revelation 15:3). That the object of God’s attention is His people, the nation of Israel is a matter