Conflict Analysis Case Study: Nestlé

Struggle Analysis Case Study: Nestlã © Business is a ceaseless race and in the quick running universe of business, there is assortment of items and shops, showrooms, arrangements and so on. The principle reason for this report concerns the examination overseeing clashes in association. The association that is picked for our examination report is Nestlã ©. Information and perception examination, suggestions for overseeing clashes is likewise talked about. The techniques utilized for gathering information for this report are overviews, polls, individual perceptions, individual meetings, papers, web and so forth. In the main segment, we had given a presentation about the picked association Nestlã © and afterward a short portrayal about nature of contention in the association and its different sorts and reasons for strife. The subsequent segment is comprises of writing survey, in which we had talked about the speculations and examination papers of various analysts where they clarify about clashes and its causes in an association and also how an association can forestall those contentions with most ideal arrangement. The third area contains research system, research nature, information assortment strategies and inspecting strategy. In area forward we have examined the essential information by various graphical and measurable apparatuses. In definite segment we have given potential ends alongside proposals. Part # 1 1.1: INTRODUCTION TO NESTLÉ Nestlã © was established in 1866 by Henri Nestlã © with central command in Vevey, Switzerland. It has utilized around 250,000 individuals and has industrial facilities or tasks in pretty much every nation on the planet. It is one of the universes greatest food and Beverage Companies. The Companys need is to bring the best and most applicable items to individuals, any place they are, whatever their needs, for the duration of their lives. 1.2: PURPOSE OF RESEARCH The reason for the examination is to locate the variable which has leads towards clashes in Nestlã © Organization. The primary motivation behind the exploration is, right off the bat, to recognize the reasons for clashes in Nestlã © and, also, to oversee clashes in Nestlã © association. 1.3: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY We all experience some sort of contentions in our every day lives. Strains, enmities, and disappointments consistently happen when individuals cooperate. There are contradictions, maybe even battles, among representatives and the manager or between collaborators. Beside character conflicts, individuals just have various perspectives about the manner in which things ought to be finished. The fundamental motivation behind directing the exploration is to discover the contentions, and finding the approaches to oversee and fathom them in an association. In this setting we have the chance to direct our exploration on one of the top associations (Nestlã ©). 1.4: DEFINITION OF CONFLICT Strife is characterized as the condition of friction brought about by apparent or real restriction of necessities, interests and qualities. A contention can be inward or outer. The idea of contention can assist with clarifying numerous social parts of life, for example, social contradiction, battles between people, gatherings, or associations and irreconcilable circumstance. Strife as educated for graduate and expert work in compromise which is characterized as when at least two gatherings, with saw contradictory objectives, look to sabotage every others objective looking for capacity. Be that as it may, strife can likewise happen in helpful circumstances, in which at least two people or gatherings have steady objectives, on the grounds that the way where people or gathering attempts to arrive at their objective can even now subvert the others or gathering. 1.5: NATURE OF CONFLICT Struggle may valuably be seen as coming about because of contrasting conviction frameworks, fluctuated viewpoints on the circumstance and qualities coming about because of members aggregated beneficial experience and molding, varying interests and goals. Adequately managing strife requires the articulation and the executives of members fluctuating interests, conviction frameworks, viewpoints and qualities. Through the joining of members points of view, conviction frameworks, interests and qualities, struggle and compromise assume significant jobs in individual and social advancement and improvement. Strife emerges when at least one members see the current framework as not working. In any event one gathering is satisfactorily discontent with the position, that they are eager to possess the contention and talk with the expectation of having the option to impact the circumstance to show up at an improved condition. Struggle might be sight as a procedure we put ourselves through to achieve another condition and self definition. Through clash we have chances to be imaginatively self-characterizing. In the case of nothing else, strife permits us in future to do things any other way. Through the goals of contention, we can develop and reclassify ourselves, our locale, our connections our general public and our reality. 1.6: LEVELS OF CONFLICT 1.6.1: Inter divisional clash Bury divisional clashes exists between the perceiver and another person inside the association. Despite the fact that the other individual shouldn't know about the contention, the perceiver of the contention circumstance perceives the present or future effect strife can have on work execution. 1.6.2: Intra bunch struggle Intra bunch clashes happen among perceiver and their quick gathering inside the association. The quick gathering can comprise of work group, division or association. Regardless of whether completely or just cursorily mindful of the contention issue, the perceiver understands that the contention can legitimately or by implication influence work execution. 1.6.3: Inter bunch strife It emerges between the perceivers prompt gathering and another gathering inside the association. Once more, the perceivers association may not be basic, yet the person must know about the circumstance and the potential effect the contention can have on work execution. 1.6.4: Organizational clash Authoritative clash is a condition of contradiction brought about by the genuine or saw restriction of necessities, qualities and interests between individuals cooperating. 1.7: TYPES OF CONFLICT A theoretical clash can ascend into a verbal trade or result in fighting.Conflict can exist at an assortment of types. These are Network strife Political clash Enthusiastic clash Ecological assets strife Gathering strife Ideological clash Relational clash Between cultural clash Intrapersonal struggle Authoritative clash Strict based clash and Workplace struggle. 1.8: CAUSES OF CONFLICTS 1.8.1: Authority relationship Authority Relationship clashes happen due to the presence of solid critical feelings, misperceptions or generalizations, helpless correspondence or miscommunication, or dreary negative practices. Authority relationship issues frequently increment debates and lead to a pointless rising winding of ruinous clash. Supporting the protected and adjusted articulation of points of view and feelings for affirmation (not understanding) is one viable way to deal with overseeing social clash. 1.8.2: Management style For any association to be adequate and productive in accomplishing its objectives, the individuals in the association need to have a typical vision of what they are resolved to accomplish, just as clear goals for every person, gathering/group and division. The executives style likewise needs methods of perceiving and settling struggle between individuals, with the goal that contention doesn't turn out to be not kidding to such an extent that cooperation gets inconceivable. The administration of any association needs to have methods of downplaying struggle and of taking care of issues brought about by strife, before struggle turns into a significant check to work. The board style assists with dodging struggle where likely and arranging to determine strife where it occurs, as quickly and easily as could reasonably be expected. 1.8.3: Communication obstructions: Struggle will be more noteworthy when boundaries to correspondence exist. On the off chance that gatherings are isolated from one another genuinely or by time e.g.; the day move versus the night move the open door for strife is expanded. To represent assume an organization utilizes just one plant administrator, who works the day move and leaves orders toward the start of every week for the laborers on the night move. Before the week's over, how ever, these requests have been just incompletely done. The chief can't make sense of why. Clearly, the administrator nonattendance from the night move has represented a correspondence hindrance, which thusly causes diminished yield. As Bryans, P, Cronin contended in 1984 that Space or time detachments could advance disengaged bunch interests as opposed to propel a typical exertion towards joint objectives. 1.8.4: Personal factor 1.8.4.1: Behavioral The manner in which enthusiastic experience gets communicated which can be verbal or non-verbal and purposeful or un-deliberate. 1.8.4.2: Physiological Its characterized as the real experience of feeling. The manner in which feelings cause us to feel in contrast with our character. 1.8.4.3: Cultural qualities Culture tells individuals who are a piece of it, Which feelings should be communicated specifically circumstances and what feelings are to be felt. 1.8.4.4: Physical This acceleration results from outrage or dissatisfaction. 1.8.4.5: Verbal This heightening outcomes from negative impression of the annoyers character. 1.9: WAYS OF ADRESSING CONFLICTS There are essentially five different ways of tending to clashes which were distinguished by Thomas and Kilman in 1976. These are 1.9.1: Accommodation Ones gathering gives up its own needs and wishes to oblige the other party. 1.9.2: Avoidance Maintain a strategic distance from strife by overlooking it, changing the subject, and so on. As a catalyst methods for managing exceptionally minor, non-repeating clashes or Avoidance can be valuable as a transitory measure to purchase time. Much of the time, struggle evasion includes cutting off a relationship. 1.9.3: Collaboration Cooperating can discover a commonly useful arrangement. Coordinated effort can likewise be unseemly and ti

Two Kinds free essay sample

She is a mother who got another opportunity at having a family and is controlling reasoning she is doing what is ideal or her kid. The storyteller which is the girl; she begins as an ordinary youngster in the story, yet the contention among her and her mom makes her be angry and an underachiever. There is the dad who doesn't utter a word in the story yet appears to concur with the mother. There is the Aunt Lindo that is actually her moms companion who appears to boast about her youngster Waverly; a character in the story who appears to be very ruined. Also, the piano educator Mr. Chong who the girl likes to allude to as â€Å"Old Chong†. He is a hard of hearing piano educator that has no clue about that the little girl isn't playing the correct tunes. The mother who is exceptionally exacting on her little girl, she didn't think she was pushing the girl to far. We will compose a custom exposition test on Two Kinds or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The mother felt the girl was not investing sufficient effort, which she demonstrated she was exceptionally frustrated. The mother went similar to offending the little girl and accusing her or the manner in which she looked. In the start of the story the was extremely eager to turn into a wonder. She made a decent attempt to hit the nail on the head and please her folks. The little girl made a decent attempt to discover what she was immaculate at. That was until the little girl not, at this point felt like she could ever be great. She invested so much energy accepting that she was great and needing to satisfy her folks each time she was unable to accomplish something right she realized how much her mom would be baffled and she frustrated herself too. The girls entire life spun around her being an ideal young lady. The mother simply new that there was something her little girl could ace. The young lady began to question herself, yet the mother had a go at all that she heard or seen these little wonder kids in America do. The Mother began to blow up in light of the fact that she felt her little girl was not making enough of an effort. The young lady began to accept that she was only a normal young lady, however realized that was not aside from ready to her mom. Her mom went through years contrasting her little girl with these other kids. She was attempting to discover her little girls concealed ability. The mother felt her little girl could do anything she set her attention to. I think the mother felt her little girl had chances that she never had in China and didn't need her to destroy her chance. The girl didn't comprehend this she simply needed to be an ordinary young lady and have a ton of fun. The young lady was over attempting to be great, yet the mother was not prepared to surrender. The mother continued attempting to give her little girl how these different children can do these things, and that she ought to have the option to do them also. The mother gave her failure on numerous occasions, not realizing that she was causing her little girl to feel unsure and angry towards her. The little girl new she was never going to be great, and acting naturally could never be sufficient for her mom. The young lady began to feel outrage towards her folks and needed to defy them. The young lady feeling such a great amount of outrage with her mom would intentionally bomb everything her mom needed her to do. The young lady was trusting on the off chance that she baffled her mom enough she would abandon her the manner in which the young lady abandoned herself. The mother declining to surrender felt she new her little girl would be extraordinary at something if her little girl would simply dedicate herself to it she could do anything. So the mother just pushed harder not realizing she was driving her little girl away from her and away from her fantasies or her. The mother was so decided even realize they couldn't manage the cost of exercises the mother made plans to exchange work for piano exercises. I think the mother felt that now the little girl would perceive how hard she was happy to function for her and perhaps value it and work harder. The young lady felt distinctively she was irate towards her mom and felt as though her mom didn't aside from her for what her identity was and she needed to turn the tables on her. The girl rehearsed each day with Mr. Chong not in any event, attempting her brain pondering in different spots. Mr. Chong was a hard of hearing man who could just observe her hand developments, so that is the manner by which he instructed her. The young lady got on quick that Mr. Chong eyes couldn't stay aware of her hands so she utilized it for her potential benefit not to learn. Mr. Chong so glad reasoning she was tuning in to him he was energized in light of the fact that she figured out how to counterfeit him out. The mother boasted about her little girl playing the piano regularly to her companion, in spite of the fact that the mother never crowd her play until the presentation. The mother needed so awful to see her youngster before the room making her glad like the entirety of different moms before her, yet when the young lady went up in front of an audience the mother didnt realize that she had been simply burning through her time. The young lady even had her self tricked she for a doubt possibly she could play, well perhaps if Mr. Chong figured she could play perhaps it was valid. As she played she seen the humiliation on her folks face; the one in particular who appeared to make the most of her exhibition was Mr. Chong. The guardians needed to come up short on the room, yet realize their pride would never permit them to do that they remained until the end. The young lady needed to give her mom that she was not what she needed her to be, however was stunned and simply wish her mom would state something. At the point when they got back the little girl trained the mother would abandon her; she thought she knew without a doubt that her girl had no ability. The young lady plunked down to stare at the TV which incensed the mother. The mother didn't surrender she needed her to rehearse. The girl perceived how furious the mother was and was frightened, so the little girl not surrendering the battle hit the mother where it hurt the most. The young lady revealed to her mom she wants to be not alive knowing how terrible that ould hurt her. The young lady won the fight against her mom; the mother surrendered all expectation. I think the mother felt a bit of her self pass on that day realizing her little girl would hurt her so terrible. I think the mother realized she was loosing the girl. I think there was a great deal of misscommunication between the mother and the little girl which is reasonable, in actuality. It makes you wounder how Amy Tan got where she is today. The mother needed to begin once again and give her kid the ideal life and the little girl just idea her mom simply needed her to be an ideal youngster. At long last it was amusing in light of the fact that the two of them lost the fight against one another. They didn't have a decent relationship since they couldnt make scene of their disparities. The mother drove her youngster away from her and any ability she may have had. The kid decided to not complete school. I think the youngster excused her mom when it was to late and the mother never found the words to state to her little girl until the end the difficult woman despite everything returned to the piano,and the kid at long last figured out how to regard and tune in to what her mom needed to enlighten her concerning her ability. â€Å"Two Kinds† (Tan 1952, p. 524)

Forrest Gump Chapter Sixteen Free Essays

Section Sixteen After they done completed cookin enormous Sam’s clan, a shrinkin they heads, the dwarfs threw us between long posts a carted us away like pigs into the wilderness. â€Å"What do you spose they plan to do with us?† Major Fritch shout to me. â€Å"I don’t know, an I don’t give a shit,† I get back to, a that were about reality. We will compose a custom exposition test on Forrest Gump Chapter Sixteen or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now I’m tired of this crappola. A man can take jus to such an extent. In any case, after about a day or so we go to the town of the dwarfs, an as you may expec, they has a lot of infinitesimal cabins in a clearin in the wilderness. They truck us up to a cottage in the focal point of the clearin where there is a lot of dwarfs substitute aroun †a one little ole feller with a long white facial hair a no teeth settin up in a high seat like a child. I figger him to be the lord of the dwarfs. They tumped us out onto the groun a loosened us, a we stood up a tidied ourselfs off a the ruler of the dwarfs begin jabberin some rubbish a then he get down from his seat a go straight up to Sue a kick him where it really hurts. â€Å"How come he done that?† I hacked out Grurck, who had figured out how to talk some English wile he was livin with Major Fritch. â€Å"Him need to know whether gorilla is kid or girl,† Grurck state. I figger there must be a more pleasant approach to locate that out, however I ain’t sayin nothin. At that point the ruler, he come up to me a beginning talkin a portion of that garbage †pygmalion, or whatever it is †an I’m getting ready to get kicked where it really hurts as well, yet Grurck state, â€Å"Him need to know why you livin with them horrendous cannibals.† â€Å"Tell him it weren’t precisely our idea,† Major Fritch speak up a state. â€Å"I got an idea,† I says. â€Å"Tell him we is American musicians.† Grurck express this to the ruler a he be peerin at us genuine hard, a then he hatchet Grurck somethin. â€Å"What’s he say?† Major Fritch need to know. â€Å"Him hatchet what the gorilla plays,† state Grurck. â€Å"Tell him the chimp plays the spears,† I state, a Grurck do that, a then the ruler of the dwarfs report he need to hear us perform. I get out my harmonica a beginning playin a little tune †â€Å"De Camptown Races.† King of the dwarfs tune in for a moment, at that point he start clappin his hans a doin what appear to be a stop up move. After I’m completed, he state he needs to comprehend what Major Fritch a Grurck plays, an I advise Grurck to state Major Fritch plays the blades a that Grurck don’t play nothin †he is the administrator. Ruler of the dwarfs look kind of perplexed a state he ain’t never knew about anyone playin blades or lances previously, yet he advise his men to give Sue a few lances a Major Fritch a few blades a let’s see what kind of music we think of. Before long as we get the lances a blades, I state, â€Å"Okay †now!† an ole Sue conk the lord of the dwarfs over the head with his lance a Major Fritch compromised several dwarfs with her blades a we run off into the wilderness with the dwarfs close behind. The dwarfs be thowin a wide range of rocks a crap at us from behin, a shootin they quits a darts from blowguns a such. Unexpectedly we come out on the bank of a waterway an ain’t no spot to go, a the dwarfs are catchin up quick. We is session to bounce into the stream a swim for it, when abruptly from the contrary side of the waterway a rifle fired ring out. The dwarfs are directly on us, yet another rifle fired ring out a they retreat in fear a run once more into the wilderness. We be lookin over the stream a lo a behole on the other bank they is a few fellers wearin bramble coats a them white essence caps like you used to see in Ramar of the Jungle. They step into a kayak a be paddlin towards us, an as they draw nearer, I seen one of them is got NASA stepped on his essence head protector. We is at last protected. At the point when the kayak arrive at our shore, the person with NASA stepped on his protective cap get out a come up to us. He go straight up to ole Sue a stick out his han a state, â€Å"Mister Gump, I presume?† â€Å"Where the fuck has you butt faces been?† hollared Major Fritch. â€Å"We been abandoned in the wilderness almost four goddamn years!† â€Å"Sorry session that, ma’am,† the feller state, â€Å"but we has our needs, as well, you know.† Anyway, we is finally spared from a deplorable outcome, a they stacked us up in the kayak a began paddlin us downriver. One of the fellers state, â€Å"Well people, progress is simply aroun the corner. I figure you’ll all have the option to offer your accounts to a magazine a make a fortune.† â€Å"Stop the canoe!† Major Fritch abruptly get out. The fellers take a gander at each other, however they paddle the kayak over to the bank. â€Å"I have made a decision,† Major Fritch state. â€Å"For the first run through in my life, I have discovered a man that genuinely gets me, an I won't let him go. For about four years, Grurck an I have lived joyfully in this land, an I have chosen to remain here with him. We will go off in the wilderness a make another life for ourselfs, a raise a family a live cheerfully ever after.† â€Å"But this man is a cannibal,† one of the fellers state. â€Å"Eat your heart out, buster,† says Major Fritch, a she a Grurck escape the kayak a beginning go into the wilderness once more, han in han. Jus before they vanished, Major Fritch turn aroun a give Sue a me a little wave, an at that point off they go. I thought back to the finish of the kayak, an ole Sue is settin there twistin his fingers. â€Å"Wait a minute,† I says to the fellers. I return a set down on the seat nex to Sue a state, â€Å"What you thinkin bout?† Sue ain’t sayin nothin, however they is a little bitty tear in his eye, an I knowed then what was session to occur. He grapped me aroun the shoulders in a major embrace, a then jumped out of the vessel a ran up a tree on the shore. Last we seen of him, he is swingin away through the wilderness on a vine. The feller from NASA be shakin his head. â€Å"Well, shouldn't something be said about you, numbnuts? You going to follow your companions there into Bonzoland?† I took care of them for a moment, at that point I stated, â€Å"Uh, uh,† a set down in the kayak. Wile they was paddlin us away, don’t you trust I didn’t think session it for a second. In any case, I jus couldn’t do it. I figure I got different weenies to cook. They flown me back to America a tole me in transit how there was to be a major invite home gathering for me, however appears as though I have heard that previously. Sure enough tho, soon as we arrived in Washington session a million people was on han, cheerin a clappin an actin like they is happy to see me. They drove me into town in the secondary lounge of a major ole dark vehicle a said they was takin me to the White House to see the President. That's right, I been there before as well. Indeed, when we get to the White House, I’m expectin to see the equivalent ole President what took care of me breakfast a let me watch â€Å"The Beverly Hillbillies,† however they is got another President now †feller with his hair all slicked back, puffy little cheeks an a nose look like Pinocchio’s. â€Å"Tell me now,† this President state, â€Å"did you have an energizing trip?† A feller in a suit substitute close to the President hang over a murmur somethin to him, an out of nowhere the President state, â€Å"Oh, ah, accually what I implied was, the means by which incredible it is that you have gotten away from your experience in the jungle.† The feller in the suit murmur somethin else to the President, a he state to me, â€Å"Er, presently shouldn't something be said about your companion?† â€Å"Sue?† I state. â€Å"Was that her name?† Now he be lookin at a little card in his han. â€Å"Says here it was a Major Janet Fritch, and that even as you were being protected she was hauled off into the wilderness by a cannibal.† â€Å"Where it state that?† I hacked out. â€Å"Right here,† the President state. â€Å"That’s not so,† I says. â€Å"Are you proposing I am a liar?† state the President. â€Å"I’m jus sayin it ain’t so,† I says. â€Å"Now look here,† state the President, â€Å"I am your president. I am not a hoodlum. I don't lie!† â€Å"I am very sorry,† I says, â€Å"but it ain’t reality session Major Fritch. You jus take that off a card, however †â€Å" â€Å"Tape!† the President yell. â€Å"Huh?† I says. â€Å"No, no,† says the feller in the suit. â€Å"He said ‘take’?Cnot ‘tape’ †Mister President.† â€Å"TAPE!† shout the President. â€Å"I let you know never to make reference to that word in my essence again! You are each of the a lot of unfaithful Communist swines.† The President be poundin hissef on the knee with his clench hand. â€Å"None of you comprehend. I don’t know anything session anything! I never knew about anything! What's more, in the event that I did, I either overlooked it, or it is top secret!† â€Å"But Mister President,† state the feller in the suit, â€Å"he didn’t state it. He just said †â€Å" â€Å"Now you are considering me a liar!† he state. â€Å"You’re fired!† â€Å"But you can’t fire me,† the feller state. â€Å"I am the Vice President.† â€Å"Well, excuse me for saying so,† says the President, â€Å"but you are never going to cause President on the off chance that you to go aroun considering your president a liar.† â€Å"No, I surmise you’re right,† state the Vice President. â€Å"I ask your pardon.† â€Å"No, I ask yours,† the President state. â€Å"Whatever,† state the Vice President, kinda fiddlin with hissef. â€Å"If you will all excus

Bad Effect of Pro-Wrestling on on Teens and Adolscents Essay -- essays

The news that an eight-year-old kid had battered a classmate to death while re-authorizing the US World Wrestling Federation TV arrangement, came as a stun to all the guardians. The catastrophe thusly stirred the individuals into exploring their relations with the TV and set a few cutoff points on review of T.V. on their youngsters. Four eight-year-old young men - Tom, Eric, William and James - didn't come to class after lunch and ran into a separated spot. At that point they isolated into two gatherings. While two of them , one from each side stood aside the other two got into a battle with blows and kicks on whatever pieces of the body, Eric and James jumped on one another. In practically no time, James fell on the ground draining abundantly through mouth and nose. Be that as it may, resolute, Eric jumped on him again and tallied till five-at long last crushing his adversary. It was the last blow that James lay dead on the ground while the triumphant gathering giggling proudly. Mea nwhile Tom hollered to James to get up and battle yet no benefit. It at that point unfolded to him that something not right had occurred. James was dead. Wrestling had made faultless and guiltless James be dead. Watching proficient wrestling on T.V. energizes forceful conduct in youths. The youngsters search or admire the broad communications to perceive what makes a genuine man or a lady. The recurrence of watching wrestling is straightforwardly connected to the conduct of teenagers. Likewise, the language and the savagery utilized in it impacts the high schooler guys and females. Right off the bat, the youngsters admire the broad communications (the VIPs) to discover the symbol qualities of a man or a lady and attempt to duplicate them. One basic thing that I have seen among my companions ,which a large number of you I am certain more likely than not saw as well, that when asked in... ...fix to a risky way. By perusing till the finish of my musings, you should be persuaded at this point watching proficient wrestling on T.V. empowers forceful conduct in youngsters. We as a whole realize that youngsters are handily affected and formed into any shape, however in the event that this delicate brain is presented to brutality like wrestling, it begins to receive and order it. The all the more wrestling they watch, the more they are occupied with unsatisfactory conduct. However, the discussion over the impact of master wrestling programming on adolescents is a long way from terminating, we should watch what goes into our heart by method of our eyes, ears and cerebrum, and audit what we see on the TV. Book index DuRant, Robert H., PhD Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's Hospital, Winston-Salem, North Carolina-AUGUSTA FREE PRESS Wake backwoods University (explore) Wellbeing Day News, Monday, August 7, 2006

Perlocutionary Acts Definition and Examples

Perlocutionary Acts Definition and Examples In discourse act hypothesis, a perlocutionary demonstration is an activity or perspective realized by, or as an outcome of, saying something. It is additionally known asâ a perlocutionary impact. The differentiation between the illocutionary demonstration and theâ perlocutionary act isâ important, says Ruth M. Kempson: Theâ perlocutionary act isâ the subsequent impact on the listener which the speaker plans ought to follow from his expression. Kempson offers this synopsis of the three interrelated discourse acts initially introduced by John L. Austin in How to Do Things With Words distributed in 1962: A speaker expresses sentences with a specific importance (locutionary act), and with a specific power (illocutionary act), so as to accomplish a specific impact on the listener (perlocutionary act). Models and Observations A. P. Martinich, in his book, Communication and Reference, characterizes a perlocutionary go about as follows: Naturally, a perlocutionary demonstration is a demonstration performed by saying something, and not in saying something. Convincing, maddening, instigating, consoling and motivating are frequently perlocutionary acts; yet they could never start a response to the inquiry What did he say? Perlocutionary acts, interestingly with locutionary and illocutionary acts, which are administered by shows, are not customary but rather characteristic acts (Austin [1955], p. 121). Convincing, infuriating, inducing, and so on cause physiological changes in the crowd, either in their states or conduct; ordinary acts don't. An Example of a Perlocutionary Effect Nicholas Allott gives this perspective on a perlocutionary demonstration in his book, Key Terms in Pragmatics: Consider an exchange with a prisoner taker under attack. The police moderator says: If you discharge the youngsters, well permit the press to distribute your requests. In making that expression she has offered an arrangement (illocutionary act). Suppose theâ hostage-taker acknowledges the dealâ and as an outcome discharges the kids. All things considered, we can say that by making the articulation, the arbitrator achieved the arrival of the youngsters, or in progressively specialized terms, this was a perlocutionary impact of the expression. Yelling Fire In her book, Speaking Back: The Free Speech Versus Hate Speech Debate, Katharine Gelber clarifies the impact of yelling fire in a packed scene: In the perlocutionary example, a demonstration is performed by saying something. For instance, in the event that somebody yells fire and by that demonstration makes individuals leave a structure which they accept to be ablaze, they have played out the perlocutionary demonstration of persuading others to leave the building....In another model, if a jury foreperson pronounces liable in a court in which a charged individual sits, the illocutionary demonstration of announcing an individual liable of a wrongdoing has been attempted. The perlocutionary demonstration identified with that illocution is that, in sensible conditions, the charged individual would be persuaded that they were to be driven from the court into a prison cell. Perlocutionary acts will be acts inherently identified with the illocutionary demonstration which goes before them, however discrete and ready to be separated from the illocutionary demonstration. The Accordion Effect Marina Sbis, in an exposition titled, Locution, Illocution, Perlocution, notes why perlocution can have an astounding impact: Perlocution has no upper fringe: any important impact of a discourse demonstration might be considered as perlocutionary. In the event that breaking news shocks you with the goal that you excursion and fall, my declaration has not exclusively been accepted valid by you (which is as of now a perlocutionary impact) and along these lines amazed you, however has likewise made you trip. fall, and (state) harm your lower leg. This part of the purported accordion impact concerning activities and discourse activities specifically (see Austin 1975: 110-115; Feinberg 1964) meets general assent, aside from those discourse demonstration scholars who want to confine the idea of perlocutionary impact to proposed perlocutionary effects.... Sources Allott, Nicholas. Key Terms in Pragmatics. Continuum, 2011.Gelber, Katharine. Speaking Back: The Free Speech Versus Hate Speech Debate. John Benjamins, 2002.Martinich, A. P. Communication and Reference. Walter de Gruyter, 1984.Sbis, Marina. Locution, Illocution, Perlocution in Pragmatics of Speech Actions, ed. by Marina Sbis and Ken Turner. Walter de Gruyter, 2013.

Self-Handicapping and Protecting the Ego at a Cost

Self-Handicapping and Protecting the Ego at a Cost Theories Social Psychology Print Self-Handicapping and Protecting the Ego at a Cost By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 24, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 26, 2019 Martin Leigh / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Self-handicapping involves engaging in behaviors that sabotage your chances of success. Why would people do things that might make them more likely to fail? We all want to feel good about ourselves, but researchers have found that we sometimes go so far as to hurt our chances of success in order to avoid taking responsibilities for our failures. When faced with an important exam, for example, students might stay out all night to avoid studying. Then when they do poorly, they can blame their poor scores on their friends for keeping them out late rather than their own lack of intelligence. Simply put, self-handicapping allows people to find an outside source to blame for possible failures. While this can be an effective strategy for protecting self-esteem, it can understandably have a significantly negative impact on success. Lets take a closer look at why self-handicapping happens and the potential outcomes of this behavior. Why Do People Self-Handicap? Psychologists have found that we all have a strong need to blame our failures on outside forces while taking personal credit for our successes. This behavior protects our self-esteem, but it can also make us do things that actually make us less likely to succeed. This tendency is known as self-handicapping, defined as a self-sabotaging action or choice that prevents people from taking personal responsibility for outcomes. Essentially, people create obstacles so that any possible failures can then be blamed on these outside forces. Failure can lead to discomfort when people realize that their own lack of skill or preparation led to the outcome. By engaging in actions that undermine possible success, people avoid having to face the truth and accept their own deficiencies. There are many different forms of self-handicapping. Sometimes this behavior can be fairly innocuous, but in some instances, it can be much more serious. In some cases, it might even drive people to engage in potentially dangerous behavior. For example, students might procrastinate on their homework or put off studying until the very last minute. Athletes might skip practice or stay up late the night before a big game. In some cases, people might engage in more dangerous forms of self-handicapping such as abusing drugs and alcohol. Researchers have suggested that self-handicapping can be linked to what is known as the self-serving bias, in which people claim personal credit for success but blame outside forces for their failures. Imagine, for example, that you have been preparing to compete in your very first marathon. Youve been following a training schedule and eating a healthy diet, but as race day approaches, you find yourself doubting your ability to successfully reach the finish line. In the weeks and days leading up to the big race, you find yourself skipping your training sessions and binge eating junk food. When the day finally arrives to compete in the marathon, you find yourself feeling sluggish and out of shape. As a result of these self-handicapping behaviors, you are able to blame your inability to finish the race on being out of shape or bloated rather than your possible lack of ability. Research on Self-Handicapping The phenomenon was first described by researchers Stephen Berglas and Edward Jones in a 1978 study that involved randomly assigning students to complete anagrams, some of which were solvable and some of which were not. Afterward, all of the students were told they had done well. This feedback was clearly unsettling and confusing to the participants who had been given the unsolvable anagrams. They were told they had done well but had no idea how or why they had. “These are the people who are told they are brilliant, without knowing how that inference is derived,” said Dr. Berglas explained to The New York Times in 2009. The volunteers were then asked if they would want to take either a performance-enhancing or performance-inhibiting drug before they took another test. Of the participants, a whopping 70 percent  of those who had been given the unsolvable anagrams opted to take the performance-inhibiting drug, compared to just 13 percent  of those who had been given the solvable anagrams. Why would some choose the drug designed to impair their performance on a test? These results suggest that when people are confident in their abilities to perform a task, they would prefer to be given something that would help them perform even better. Those who are unsure of their abilities, however, are more likely to want the drug that will hurt their performance, thus giving them an external source to blame for their possible failures. The Effects The purpose of all this self-sabotage is to protect the ego and self-esteem, and experts have found that it does actually work. People with high self-esteem have been shown to engage in more self-handicapping. For many people, these behaviors happen almost automatically. We come up with excuses for failure before weve even tried, but we often do so unconsciously. While self-handicapping might go a long way in protecting our self-esteem, it can also have serious negative side-effects. If you are placing barriers to success in your path, there is no way that you are giving yourself all the chances you should for achieving your goals. Not only that, by hindering your chances, you are essentially lowering your expectations for yourself both now and in the future. Researcher Sean McCrea has also found that self-handicapping can lead to lower motivation and less incentive to try to succeed in the future. In a series of experiments, he manipulated participants scores on IQ tests. Some participants were given the choice to either prepare for taking the test or to join a no practice group. Those who then received bad scores were more likely to blame their lack of practice, but McCrae also found in later experiments that those who had an excuse for their low scores (i.e., distractions, lack of preparation, etc.) were less motivated to prepare for a future test than those who didnt have an external source to blame. The handicap allowed them to say, All things considered, I actually did pretty well,McCrea told Benedict Carey writing for The New York Times. And there’s no drive to get better. More negative consequences of self-handicapping: Students who engage in self-handicapping report spending less time each week studying.Self-handicappers also tend to have lower grades overall.They are also more likely to use alcohol before engaging in a task.It also hurts social relationships. Self-handicappers always seem to have an excuse, so they are often viewed as whiners. Researchers have found that self-handicappers are rated more negatively by their peers. Self-handicapping can protect the ego, but it comes with significant costs. Placing obstacles to success might provide excuses for failures, but it also makes us more likely to fail. Do you feel good about yourself now or do you give it your all and risk failure? The research suggests that while your self-esteem might take a temporary hit, giving up self-handicapping behaviors might be better for future success.

How to Get Accepted to Geisinger Medical and Graduate Debt Free

document.createElement('audio'); https://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/hubfs/Podcast_audio_files/Podcast/Michelle-Schmude-Geisinger-Med-School-2019.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | Spotify Interview with Dr. Michelle Schmude, Associate Dean of Admissions at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine [Show Summary] Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine is focused on admitting students who are passionate about community service, as well as allowing as many students as possible to graduate from medical school debt free. Dr. Michelle Schmude, Associate Dean of Admissions, shares information about what makes the school unique, and what makes a successful applicant and graduate of the program. Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine: A unique program emphasizing community service and clinical exposure   [Show Notes] Today’s guest, Dr. Michelle Schmude, has spent her career in higher ed administration and med school admissions. After earning her BA in history and business, she went on to earn an MBA and then a doctorate in education from Wilkes University. Since 1996 she has worked in admissions first as Dean of Full-time Admissions at Point Park University, then at Kings College, and since 2015 as director and then as Associate Dean of Admissions, Enrollment Management Financial Aid at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. She is also an Associate Professor of Medicine at Geisinger. Now that you know a little about Dr. Schmude, let’s find out about Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine. Can you give an overview of the Geisinger Commonwealth Medical School program focusing on its more distinctive elements? [1:55] The school was founded in 2008 and enrolled the first class in in 2009. We have a few key hallmark programs that make us unique. First is the 100-hour community service requirement, which goes along with our mission of being a community-based medical school. We admit students who align with the mission of the school and are passionate about community service. Second is the family-centered experience, which pairs med students with individuals in the community experiencing chronic illness, so the students can follow along with the patients throughout their journey, which helps the students grow in empathy, kindness, compassion, and caring. Third is the two research programs that students engage in during years one and three. The first is a community health research project – partnering with local organizations to help identify community needs and design interventions. The second is a quality improvement research project to address issues within the community. Is the community service component you mentioned non-clinical, or does it matter? [4:45] Most are non-clinical, and students get really involved with the community. A few weeks ago our students hosted a Turkey Trot and raised almost $18K for Friends of the Poor. They raise funds for autism, do things both inside and outside of the school, host a health fair for the community, have a trick-or-treat event in the hospital – a haunted hallway so children are safe. Those are just a few. Some volunteer at clinics in the area. What is the â€Å"distributed campus model† and does it shape the med student experience at Geisinger? [6:19] The first two years of the program are spent here in Scranton and the third and fourth are out at regional campuses where students are participating in clinical rotations in the third year, and in the fourth year participating in rotations and away rotations where they will visit other clinical environments. Students apply and are matched to their away rotations and then spend time at other clinical venues. What is the Longitudinal Integrated Curriculum? [7:52] It happens during the third year. Students are doing their clinical rotations housed at their regional campus. For six months of the rotation they participate in the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship – over the course of six months, students rotate through the six core disciplines once a week. The other six months is in a traditional block format rotation, spending time on one discipline of medicine and then going on to the next. It allows for continuity of care, and build relationships with clinical mentors and patients that they see. Blocks are a shortened period of time. What is the ePortfolio? And how does it help med students? [11:16] I was involved in creating it, and it is designed to track a student’s professional identity formation across their four years of med school. This allows for their coach to collaborate with students to track growth, because at the end of the day we look to produce respected practitioners. The ePortfolio plus the assessment contained therein, and artifacts put in the portfolio, help them to track, monitor, and reflect on their own growth in terms of becoming a future physician. Within the med school we have a required professional identity formation curriculum, and there are assessments which are required within that. Students utilize them and put into the ePortfolio so a coach can work with that student to monitor but also help them work toward continual growth in their identity as a future physician. What is the Geisinger Primary Care Scholars Program, and how can it help Geisinger students graduate debt free? [14:11] This is a really exciting opportunity, and some articles have been written about it, including one by me. Within the Scholars Program there are two opportunities for students to come out of med school debt-free. The Abigail Geisinger Scholar Award (AGSA) launched in the spring of 2019 for existing students, and going forward each and every year we will have 10 AGSA students, where we cover tuition and fees for up to four years, and in return they give us four years of service in the Geisinger network. We also have begun the Geisinger Primary Care Scholar Awards, which are for 40 incoming students, where we provide four years of tuition and fees plus a $2K/month stipend while enrolled. Along the same lines as AGSA, since this award covers four years of tuition and fees, students agree to give us four years of service post-residency, however for this award we do have specific specialty requirements: family medicine, internal medicine, or medicine pediatrics. Let’s turn to the Geisinger application: What is the Geisinger secondary like? Do you require the CASPer? [19:19] The secondary is very mission-focused and mission-driven. We put it together with the intent to repopulate the physician shortage in this area, so it focuses on patient-centered medicine, community service, the ability to work well with an interdisciplinary team, and evidence-based research to deliver care. Our geographic community includes our primary service area – the counties that our facility serves primarily in Northeast PA. CASPer is not required at this point. Our interview is traditional in nature, with a faculty member and student. So students are definitely part of the process in terms of who will be their colleagues. We are looking at the MMI to determine if that best aligns with selecting applicants who meet the mission, so stay tuned on MMI and CASPer, as I believe the CASPer does provide useful information about med school applicants. Do you want the students you admit to have both research experience and clinical exposure? [23:00] We focus on community service and clinical exposure, which ties back to our mission. However, if a student has wonderful exposure to clinical experiences and is dedicated to community service, and has a passion for research, I think they are a well-rounded applicant. Geisinger received last year 5,780 applications for its class of 115 students. It sends out automatic secondaries. MSAR says that Geisinger interviewed 763 students. How do you winnow it down? [23:53] We have a holistic process. We look at metrics, attributes, and experiences and how they align with the mission of the institution. We look for IQ and EQ to excel. How do you view letters of intent or correspondence from waitlisted applicants? [25:12] Applicants can submit up to two updates, and I suggest an applicant includes in those update letters meaningful experiences since the time of submitting their primary and secondary application. They can utilize a second update to provide us with any additional experiences they have engaged in so we have the full picture of their experience. By limiting to two we want to ensure they are meaningful. And on a forward-looking note, what advice would you give to med school applicants thinking ahead and planning to apply in 2020? [26:40] I would say to apply when you have the best application possible. The application is costly and long, and to just try it is not a strategy. You need to go into the process with your best application and that means your best metrics and your best experiences. I always ask students to reflect and look at their package and ask â€Å"What can I improve upon?† Identify those areas of improvement before they actually apply. It is a costly process both financially and mentally, and making sure applicants have their best application will help them through the process. What would you have liked me to ask you? [31:10] I was able to cover everything I have a passion for the ePortfolio because I have worked several years on it, I highlighted the mission of the institution, talked about the interview format and research for future initiatives and our hallmark scholars program. Related Links: †¢ Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine †¢ Med School Admissions: What you Need to Know to Get Accepted †¢ Accepted’s Medical School Admissions Advising Related Shows: †¢ UC Davis SOM’s Clear Message in its New Coaching Program †¢ How to Get Into Zucker SOM at Hofstra/Northwell †¢ Loyola Stritch School of Medicine: The Right School for You? †¢ What’s New at SUNY Upstate Medical School? †¢ Kaiser Medical School: State-of-the-Art, Patient-Focused, and Free Subscribe: Podcast Feed

Analysis Of Garrett Hardins Tragedy Of The Commons

We live in a world where sometimes we are told there are endless resources. The population of the world is growing rapidly, so the question we must ask, are we going to run into a problem where there are too many people in this world and not enough resources to accompany this rapid growth in population? In the article â€Å"Tragedy of the Commons† written by Garrett Hardin, Hardin believes that the population problem cannot be solved in a technical way because the problem involves questions of human freedoms and rights, both of which are issues of morality as opposed to scientific fact. He goes on to explain how we have become too self-interested in the short term that we aren’t looking at the long-term affects. In order to fix the problem†¦show more content†¦The simple answer is no. Some new reserves will be found which will help fossil fuels last longer, but they won’t last forever. New reserves of fossil fuels are becoming harder to find, and those t hat are being discovered are significantly smaller than the ones that have been found in the past.† This goes back to Hardin point of having finite resources. Population in the world in 1968 was around 3.5 billion, and in todays society we are approaching 7.5 billion. If people want to keep their privileges like Hardin says, then there must be change to how we consume our resources, or else I must agree with Hardin that we need to mandate the population. One good comparison Hardin makes is the example of the herdsman bringing in new cattle for personal gain. These men are forced to decide between brining in a extra cattle and gain the benefits, or the negative effect being bringing in another animal and causing overgrazing. The positive outcome almost always wins, which brings in the moral reasoning of if the herdsman is doing the right thing. They want to reap the benefits but Hardin is making the point this selfish decision is going to have consequences down the line to others. After lying out strong starting arguments Hardin makes the case for instituting flexible and adaptable laws. Dealing with the tragedy of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Garrett Hardins The Tragedy Of The Commons784 Words   |  4 PagesGarrett Hardin published in Psychology Today in September 1974. This passage is an excerpt from his popular paper â€Å"The Tragedy of the Commons† as a warning that overpopulation was dangerous due to how limited Earth’s resources are. This theory is reflected in Hardin’s thesis that the rich should do nothing to help the people of poor nations and turn away those trying to come in. Hardin used the imagery of a lifeboat almost filled in a sea full of drowning people to pose and answer a single questionRead MoreAnalysis Of Octavia Butler s Series Of The Parables1508 Words   |  7 Pages Thesis Description The tragedy of the commons shown in the speculative literature of Octavia Butler provides readers with a window of insight into what is necessary for a community to fall apart as well as a guide for what is necessary to build a sustainable community in a broken, imperfect world. 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Unfortunately, due to high fishing pressure during the past couple of decades, U.S. stocks of Atlantic cod came close to a commercial collapse in the mid-1990s, so a major effort to rebuild these stocks was implementedRead MoreLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer3380 Words   |  14 PagesLifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor - Garrett Hardin What Should A Billionaire Give-and What Should You? - Peter Singer One of the most important issues facing the world today is the issue of the poor. There are many things that can be done about this issue, however much of the world is torn between wanting to help and not knowing how to go about it. This is the issue that is presented in the two essays - Garrett Hardin’s â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping The Poor,† andRead MorePublic Health Vs. Federal Law2197 Words   |  9 Pagesmandatory immunizations on populations have been debatable with respect to public health law in the United States. One argued topic is whether the level of authority to administer such mandates resides at the federal or state or state level. An analysis of the United States Constitution provides some clarity. The role of the Federal Government is somewhat limited with regards to public health, and its role marks a clear distinction from state and local authority over health matters. The CommerceRead MorePaul Krugman Microcononomics 16-172 940 Words   |  12 PagesRivalrous (or Rival) Consumption: Does providing the good for one more person mean less for somebody else, or is the marginal cost of providing it to one more person equal to zero? 18 37 Four Types of Goods: Private Goods, Public Goods, Common Resources, and Artificially-Scarce Goods 38 Markets Only Supply Private Goods Efficiently Goods that are both excludable and rivalrous in consumption are private goods that potentially can be efficiently produced and consumed in a competitive

The Fine Arts are Essential for the Attainment of Human...

The Fine Arts are Essential for the Attainment of Human Excellence Fine art exists since the beginning of time. Its creation does not begin with that of mankind, for, verily, nature is the origin of all art; the ultimate of all artists. Humans, however, are not blind to it at birth. Since the bestowal of vision, both physical and that of the mind, man is expressing the desire to make corporeal that which it beholds. Evidence of this is found in ancient cave paintings, an attempt to immortalize a moment from the past, depicting one from another life. Undoubtedly there have also been drawings in the sand made by the tough-skinned fingers of the primordial ancestor. This urge to reincarnate the sights beheld by memory remains in†¦show more content†¦Likewise, the art must be kept simple in the way of its creative process. This is not to mean that the end result may not be complex and detailed, but rather, that often times in excessive planning, deliberation, and in application of rigid sets of rules upon the creation, the purity and pro fundity of the art is lost in â€Å"bearing witness to its own validity.† The goal, thus, is to have the experience of satori each time the act of painting or sculpting occurs, and letting it do the art. Te Taoist tradition also supports this as, from the Tao Te Ching, â€Å"a good artist lets his intuition / lead him wherever it wants,† (Lao Tzu 27). Now, it is still important to know the various techniques associated with the art form in particular. For only if a craft knowledge is attained can the simplicity of the product be, in all actuality, of great intricacy. This can be more easily understood in Lao Tzu’s words, as â€Å"the master knows the utensils, / yet keeps to the block: / thus she can use all things,† (28). Correspondingly, â€Å"true art seems unsophisticated,† (41), and â€Å"true art seems artless,† (45). So if art indeed does attain these attributes—becomes simple, and therefore infinitely elaborate, and is not performed for any reason as may be materially profitable but only for its own sake—then it is, verily, in a pure for and can be the focalShow MoreRelated The Platonist Tradition and the Ordering of Knowledge Essay examples3662 Words   |  15 Pagesbroadens the objects of knowledge in order to include the cosmos and the arts as well as philosophy. Together, these two accounts provide a foundation for understanding the ordering of all knowledge toward the end of the perception of beauty or nobility. There is no dichotomy between the sciences and the humanities: there is only a hierarchy of disciplines according to a scale of metaphysical nobility. 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The Gender Struggle in A Streetcar Named Desire by...

After two world wars, the balance of power between the genders in America had completely shifted. Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire is a harsh, yet powerful play that exposes the reality of the gender struggle. Williams illustrates society’s changing attitudes towards masculinity and femininity through his eloquent use of dramatic devices such as characterization, dialogue, setting, symbolism, and foreshadowing. Stanley, the protagonist, is a symbol for society’s view of the stereotypical male. He is muscular, forceful, and dominant. Stanley’s domination becomes so overwhelming that he demands absolute control. This view of the male as a large animal is revealed in the opening of the play where Stanley is†¦show more content†¦His statement that: - Be comfortable is my motto is almost contradictory, considering that the character does all he can to put the other characters out of their way, throughout the play. It is through dialogue such as this that audiences are alerted to the fact that Stanley intrinsically fails to consider the implications his own needs and wants have on other people. Instead he is the one in control, the only person invested with power and subsequent command, therefore the only one taken into consideration. A final show of authority is his over powering presence within the poker games. Here he makes powerful statements, passing judgements on the symbolic game, and asserting dominance. Nothing belongs on a poker table but cards, chips, and whisky. It is he who sets such rules, allowing no other comment or opinion. Therefore, it is through using techniques such as dialogue, stage directions, foreshadow, and character, that Tennessee Williams foregrounds society’s attitudes to masculinity within the text. Just as a character is provided to represent the stereotypical male, one is also provided as a representation of femininity. Stella fulfils society’s preconceptions of femininity perfectly, though from today’s perspective they may be considered as misconceptions. Her character is absolutely passive and has a largely domestic role. From her first appearance in the play, she is found inShow MoreRelatedExplorations of Gender Roles in A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams863 Words   |  3 PagesIn the 1947 play, A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams explores the aspects of traditional gender roles in society; raising many questions about gender, power, and dominance. Ultimately, though, A Streetcar Named Desire observes the conflict between alpha male Stanley Kowalski and the delicately feminine Blanche DuBois, with wife, sister, and mother-to-be, Stella Kowalski, caught in the middle. Williams investigates the continuing fight for authority, on the one hand, and equality on theRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Analysis825 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams’ 1947 drama, A Streetcar Named Desire, is a work of social realism which demonstrates the destructive impact of machismo on society in the late 1940s. In his raw representation of the human condition, Williams critiques the unrelenting gender roles which adversely affected so many members of his society. Although the drama is aimed at Williams’ society, as an audience member in the 21st century, Streetcar continues to be a confronting example of the past. Furthermore, the ongoingRead More Gender Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper and A Streetcar Named Desire1539 Words   |  7 Pages Many different depictions of gender roles exist in all times throughout the history of American culture and society. Some are well received and some are not. When pitted against each other for all intents and purposes of opposition, the portrayal of the aspects and common traits of m asculinity and femininity are separated in a normal manner. However, when one gender expects the other to do its part and they are not satisfied with the results and demand more, things can shift from normal to extremeRead MoreLooking Back Upon Civil Rights, WomenS Campaign For Suffrage1250 Words   |  5 Pagesto the chagrin of men. In 1947 Tennessee Williams produced his classic play A Streetcar Named Desire. While similar in their quest to bring women’s struggles to the forefront, clashing eras resulted in different literary products. Tack on that Williams, a man, produced a work depicting the environment for females at the time, and these pieces paint a picture of two different times for women from distinct perspectives. The Yellow Wallpaper and A Streetcar Named Desire bear a striking resemblance inRead MoreGender Roles in a Streetcar Named Desire Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in A Streetcar Named Desire Throughout history empowerment and marginalization has primarily been based on gender. In the play A Streetcar Named Desire, this idea of empowerment is strongly flaunted. Tennessee Williams’ characters, primarily Stanley, Blanche, Mitch, and Stella, conform the expected roles of men and women at the time. Although World War Two temporarily allowed women a place in the work force, they were dismissed from such empowerment when the war came to a close.Read MoreAnalysis of the Women Image, Blanche and Stella, in Tennessee Williams’ a Streetcar Named Desire2909 Words   |  12 PagesSTELLA, IN TENNESSEE WILLIAMS’ A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE 1. Background of Analysis A streetcar Named Desire is a stage play that written by Tennese Wiliams. It first published in 1947 and takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana. In this play, Williams presents women as powerless, weak, and passive characters who are tightly linked to their persecutors due to economic, social, and physical needs. During the time period of Tennessee Williams, author of the play A Streetcar Named Desire, lived in,Read MoreRedefining Gender Roles Of A Streetcar Named Desire1605 Words   |  7 Pages103 8 May 2016 Dissecting Gender Roles in A Streetcar Named Desire The representation of gender roles is among the most prominent recurring subjects in theatre, literature and expressive art as we know it. Gender, and what it means to human beings, is a subject that is as difficult to precisely define as death, race, and the concept of existence. Anne Beall, Ph.D. graduate in Social Psychology at Yale University, details in her book The Psychology of Gender that â€Å"Gender is socially defined masculinityRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesA Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams was born as Thomas Lanier Williams on March 26, 1911, in Columbus, Mississippi. He is the son of Cornelius Coffin Williams and Edwina Dakin Williams. As he grew up, he heard stories about the volunteer work of his father as well as the forty-five men his mother dated before she finally decided to settle down (Forman 1). His parents separated in 1909 before his older sister Rose was born. The separation was caused by Cornelius’ problems with womanizingRead MoreSymbolism Of A Street Car Named Desire And The Yellow Wallpaper1487 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism of One’s True Nature in A Street Car Named Desire and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† What is humanity s true nature? Are people basically good, or basically evil? Over the centuries, many people have tried to find the answers to these questions, to no avail. Author Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Tennessee Williams take a definite stance on the issues throughout their work, arguing that people are basically evil hiding their truths. Many times, this theme is obviously stated in the stories, but sometimesRead MoreEssay On A Streetcar Named Desire1184 Words   |  5 PagesSons, or Lost in the Stars? Probably not. Why is it that today, it is still common to hear references to Stanley’s â€Å"STELL-LAHHHHH† in a Streetcar Named Desire, while few other plays of the 1940s remain relevant? First, Streetcar dared to delve into sensitive social topics, from mental illness to homosexuality to addiction, and even mortality. Tennessee Williams’ story of a young couple, Stanley and Stella, whose seemingly happy marriage is disrupted when Stella’s sist er, Blanche, comes to town and

The Great Deal Of Military Scholarship - 1530 Words

There has been a great deal of military scholarship written on the greatest battles of the world and has influenced these armed forces fighting in these grand battles. Two of these scholarships are discussed by Victor Davis Hanson, a military historian specializing on classical warfare and a current professor at California State University, and John A Lynn, a military historian specializing in early modern Europe and is a current professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Both books discuss cultural linkage in terms of successful armies and how the victor’s culture resulted in victory, but thesis is problematic because he creates a staunch dichotomy of western battle virtues versus every other armed force in the world. An†¦show more content†¦The high motivation of the soldier often goes hand in hand with the freedom of the soldier fighting. This idea of the soldier’s freedom begins in the Greek city-state as mentioned by Hanson gives these men a sense of individualism, which creates the idea that men are fighting for their families as well as fighting for their livelihood. Hanson also mentions the strict discipline and training of the soldier. This strict training allows for the militaries to be more effective in smaller numbers and Hanson uses the Battle of Rorke’s Drift between the African Zulu’s and The British Royal Army. Though the Zulus vastly outnumbered the British, as well as possessed the same weaponry, they were very well trained and by using decisive battle and weaponry techniques they were able to defeat the Zulu army. The largest piece of the thesis that supports the fact that Western armies are dominant on the battlefield is their ability to adapt and become flexible. Hanson points out that the Japanese had better planes than the Americans in the Battle of Midway, but it was the ability of the Americans to utilize their technology well that eventually lead to an American victory. Hanson also mentions that Western armies are almost amoral

Sacrificial Action Free Essays

In Bhagavad Gita 4. 31, Krishna said to Arjuna, â€Å"Those who eat the nectar of immortality left over from a sacrificial action, they go to the eternal Brahman† (Phillips 80). This passage is taken from the Bhagavad Gita where Krishna, a divine being, and Arjuna, the third of the five brothers fighting for their land. We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrificial Action or any similar topic only for you Order Now With Arjuna having a dilemma of fighting his own kinsmen, Krishna explained to him why the right thing to do is to fight (Phillips 80). In chapter three of the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna explained to Arjuna the meaning of the sacrificial action. It is said to be voluntary doing something or ‘sacrificing’ without thinking of the benefits you will earn after the work, will lead to the supreme good. This is called the yoga of action. Attaining this supreme good exempts you from the law of karma (action and reaction) and thus leads to nirvana (Phillips 81). In chapter four, Krishna pointed out how and why he took the form of a mortal being. According to him, he assumed a mortal personification in order to become a model for those people who would want to attain the supreme good. He also states that he had already turned to a mortal being to be able to tell other people the things the he is now sharing with Arjuna (Phillips 81). The Bhagavad Gita 4. 31 passage is the fourth chapter’s main point. In this passage, Krishna told Arjuna how to be like him or to go to eternal Brahman. The ‘nectar’ he mentioned pertains to the example that he or a doer of sacrificial action makes. And the meaning of ‘eating the nectar’ entails following the examples of doing a sacrificial action, in order to attain supreme good or to be like Krishna (Phillips 82). How to cite Sacrificial Action, Papers

Rhetoric Appeal in the Declaration of Independence free essay sample

Rhetoric appeal in the Declaration of independence On July 4, 1776 a famous world changing document was written by Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence. In Jefferson’s Declaration he used a variety of writing styles and word choice to effectively state why the colonies were leaving Britain. The strongest points in Jefferson’s paper were when he used Ethos and Pathos to appeal emotionally and authoritatively. The format of the document begins with the Preamble followed by the Declaration of Rights and then Jefferson’s list of grievances. His strongest paragraph is the Declaration of Rights. He uses many Ethos and Logos in this part of the document to get his point across successfully. He started off the paragraph rallying together using ethos such as: â€Å"That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. From there he continued to intensify the document and capture his audience even more so using Pathos. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetoric Appeal in the Declaration of Independence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A great sentence that appealed to the readers emotionally was

Easa Module free essay sample

Tools should be checked before use for serviceability and operators should be trained to use them to prevent damage to the aircraft and personnel. The whereabouts of all personal and company tools should be known at all times. Company Supplied Tooling Tooling should be controlled in a secure tool store which controls and records the issue of all tools. Details of who the tools are issued to and which aircraft it is being used on should be kept at all times to ensure the whereabouts of all tools are known. This is a safety precaution to ensure that there no tolling is accidently left on the aircraft at any time. Tools should be kept in a controlled storage environment in kits or shadow boards and have individual serial numbers. The store keeper should also maintain a list of all tools that require calibration and ensure that all tools are properly calibrated. If any tools are un-calibrated or unserviceable, these tools should be properly labelled and stored in a separate area before being sent for repair or calibration. The store inspector should also perform regular audits on all the tooling in his store to ensure that they are in a good condition and are serviceable. Personal Tool kits Personal tool kits should contain a full contents list so that effective tool checks can be made. All tools should be checked at the beginning and at the end of each shift and when the aircraft is released to service. This is again a safety precaution to prevent any tools from being left on the aircraft accidentally. Shadow boarding and a list or the counting of tools used can be an effective way of monitoring all the tools being used. There is also a new requirement in my company where all personal tools should be inscribed with the name of their owners. This is to create an accountability of all tools that a person owns and prevent these tools form going missing or being stolen. Any personal tools that require calibration should be calibrated and monitored to ensure serviceability. Besides that, all personnel should ensure that their tools are always clean and in a serviceable condition at all times. Company procedures All part 145 maintenance organisations should have detailed company procedures for tools control in their maintenance exposition. These procedures should state rules for daily tool checks, lost or damaged tool procedures, aircraft pre-release checks and calibration requirements. It should also have a procedure for regular audits to be conducted to ensure compliance with the above requirements. Summary Good tool control is essential in helping to preserve flight safety but it requires close monitoring, good communication and constant vigilance from all personnel. Tool control is the responsibility of everybody. 2) On a major hangar inspection, you find corrosion on a panel on an unpressurised area of the fuselage. Detail your action to return the aircraft to service. Introduction Before starting any work, ensure that the aircraft and the environment around the area affected is safe to work on. Assuming that the aircraft is in for a major check, all electrical and hydraulic power should be switched off. If the area affected is part of a flight control system, place placards in the cockpit and pull all necessary circuit breakers. Inspection First and foremost, I would determine the exact location of the corrosion. The area affected could be as vital as a main wing spar or as simple as an access panel. I would then determine the type of corrosion. There are many types of corrosion which could be as severe as intergranular corrosion or as simple as surface corrosion. I would then determine the severity of the damage by taking both of the above factors into account before making my decision to either repair, replace and just simply leaving it alone. Besides those 2 important factors, i would also take into accounts things like time constraints, spares availability and manpower constraints. With that said my final decision would depend on the procedures laid down in the aircraft maintenance manual(AMM) and structural repair manual(SRM). Safety Ensure that there is adequate manpower who are properly trained to perform the job. Ensure that all the people working around the area is aware of the job being carried out. Personnel should be wearing any personal protective equipment like mask, goggles, gloves, etc that is required by the particular job. If the task deals with any chemicals or even the corrosion itself, extra precautions should be observed. Leaving it alone If after performing my inspection and with reference to the applicable manuals, i determine that the corrosion is minor and does not require any further work, i would remove the corrosion using the recommended procedures, re-protect the area and finally certify the required paperwork once i am satisfied that the work has been done up to the required standard. Replacement If after my inspection, i determine the particular panel or component should be replaced instead of repaired, i would remove that particular panel/area based on the procedures stated in the AMM. When fitting the new panel/component, i would ensure that it is serviceable and has the proper documentation with it(EASA Form 1, correct serial number, correct part number, correct batch number, etc) Once i have replaced it, I would perform a functional check if required to verify the correct operation of the component. If everything is found satisfactory, i would issue a certificate to release to service. If a duplicate inspection was required, i would get someone approved to perform the duplicate before i issue the CRS. Repair I would refer to the SRM, CAAIP or the AC 43 for the proper procedures and guidelines. I would start off the repair by removing the corrosion either mechanically or chemically depending on the extent of the damage. Once all the corrosion has been removed, I would perform an inspection and measure the depth and diameter of the affected area. I would then cross-refer those measurements with the limitations in the SRM. If it can be repaired, i would proceed with carry out the repair after due planning to manpower requirements, tooling, work areas and time constraints. Most often than not, if the corrosion is found to be the intergranular corrosion, the part or area would require complete replacement. Once the repair has been carried out, i would re-protect the area. I would the certify the CRS once i am satisfied that the work has been carried out satisfactory. 3) Describe the problem of HRIF and discuss the design features of protection against HIRF? Introduction and problems High intensity radiated field(HIRF) is produced by high energy systems located on ground and occurs at all frequencies. It affects any electronic and digital systems on the aircraft causing affected systems to operate erratically. HIRF enters the aircraft through any apertures, then enters the systems via gaps in the line replaceable units(LRU) or by cables picking up the HIRF. Once inside the fuselage resonance of the radiated filed can cause it to increase significantly. HIRF is most likely to occur on aircraft systems that have been in a cold soar condition. Aircraft and systems can be hardened HIRF by the design features stated below ; Design Features 1) Cables – The design of wire cables incorporate metal braids and twisted pair cables ) Plugs and sockets – Different designs depending on the location of the plug and socket. Some may also incorporate shielding by using a mechanical connection of the cable braid to the metal plug/socket body. 3) Metal protected areas Aluminium Honeycomb wall floor and ceiling panels – This are normally installed around the flight deck and elec trical equipment bays. This is used to ensure that the whole area is encased in a â€Å"metal box†. This prevents the HIRF from getting through to sensitive equipments. 4) EMI Filters – By incorporating built in filters, filter pins and over voltage protection systems. ) Conductive coatings – Electrically conducting window coatings(electric heater film elements) on the flight deck windscreens are used. 6) Good bonding and static wicks – Ensure that the aircraft is properly bonded and is at the required levels of potential and not any more. Summary All wiring, plugs, sockets and screening on the aircraft should be inspected as laid down the maintenance schedule and AMM. The inspection would normally include checks for damage, deterioration, contamination, signs of burning, open circuits, correct assembly, correct torque of plugs/sockets, locking, chafing, corrosion, broken strands, broken screening and etc. There may also be times where the inspections require bonding testing using specialized test equipment. 4) Describe how you would replace an electronics card and the precautions you would take? Introduction An electronics card is normally electro static discharge sensitive(ESDS). This means that any electrical static discharge it comes in contact with could damage it. With that said, special precautions have to be taken when handling this cards. Safety To prevent static discharge from building up, any personnel replacing the card should wear a wrist strap which is a conductive lead connected to the aircraft structure. The resistance of this strap should be greater than 1 MEGAOHM. This is to ensure proper grounding of the personnel. Any ESDS cards when fitted or removed should be placed in a sealed #M series anti-static bag to protect it. This bad should be properly labelled using an ESDS warning label. Replacement I will first refer to the applicable maintenance manual for the correct procedures for removal. I will then remove power from the aircraft to isolate the system. This will of course include pulling the required circuit breakers and placarding the cockpit if required. It is essential that the power is turned off when removing an ESDS component. I will then wear my wrist strap, connect it to the airframe and check its resistance. If its above 1 MEGAOHMS, i will proceed by gaining access to the card and remove it using the extractors if necessary. Before attempting to remove it, i will ensure that all the card connections have been undone. Once i have removed the card, i will place it in an anti-static bag and seal it. If the bag doesn’t have any means for sealing it, i will use a 100 percent cotton twine to seal it. I will then attach a yellow ESDS label to the bag. I will then proceed with the replacement of the new card immediately. Once the replacement is done, i will close the unit, remove my wrist strap and power up the aircraft and system which the card belonged to. If the card replacement requires a functional test, i will proceed with conducting it. Certification Once satisfied with the replacement, i would proceed with certifying the CRS. The will include all the details of the replacement (part number, serial number, batch number, etc). Besides that, i would also attach the FAA 8130-3 or EASA form 1 together with the CRS. ) There is 2inches of wet snow on the aircraft and light snow is falling, the temperature is -2 Celsius, what are your considerations before releasing the aircraft for departure? Frost, ice or snow deposits can seriously affect the aerodynamic performance and controllability of an aircraft Safety I will ensure that the aircraft and the surrounding environment is safe to work on and that all safety personal protective equipment like goggles, gloves, non-slip safety boots and etc are worn. The conditions indicate that it is snowing heavily and there is a high probability of ice formation. There are 2 main ways of removing snow which are mechanically(by using brushes) or chemically(by using a special fluid commonly known as Freeze Point Depressant(FPD) . Mechanical method Safety –I will ensure that no damage is caused to the aircraft during the whole process. Extra precautions has to be taken into consideration because the brushes used might cause damage to the vortex generators, aerials and even the electrical probes. Besides that, i would ensure that there are no scratches on the aircraft skin. The mechanical method is considered the old way of doing this. It has the disadvantage of being time consuming and there is an added risk of damage to the aircraft. Chemical method Safety – I will ensure that the chemicals used are in accordance to the approved specifications required. All openings/intakes or anything that could be damaged by the fluid will be covered or blanked. The fluids used are both de-icing and anti-icing fluids which means it will remove the wet snow and then it will further protect the surface from snow building up again. When using this method, the choice of fluid is very important. I will only make the choice after taking into considerations the ambient conditions. The choice made will be in accordance to the manufacturer guidelines. This method of removal should only be done by personnel who are properly trained and equipped. After removal After removal, i will perform an inspection to ascertain the level of remaining ice if any, any damage that might have been caused by the process, any sign of reforming ice, the freedom of movement of all control surfaces and finally perform a re-lubrication of any components if necessary. Once i am satisfied, the whole procedure should be noted in the technical log which would include details of the estimated holdover time and type of fluid that i used. I will then certify it as an approved signatory An important consideration that needs to be taken into account is the holdover time. The aircraft will only be able to remain on serviceable to takeoff if it takes off within the holdover time. If the holdover time has been exceeded, the whole process will have to be repeated. The holdover time will depend on the ambient conditions, type of fluid used and concentration level. 6) Micrometers and dial test indicators are used as precision equipment. Discuss the use of these equipment, their limitations and state the precautions to be taken when using them? Introduction The ability of the human eye to accurately read the graduations of a scale is limited. The need for precision instrument as small as ten-thousands of an inch has necessitated the development of equipment which are capable of this function. Both the micrometers and dial test indicators are an example of instruments which perform this function. Safety Both this instruments require routine calibration. Ensure before usage that the instrument calibration date is current. Micrometers The micrometer is a device used to make small measurements. This nstrument is used to measure the thickness of sheet metal, the out of roundness of cylindrical objects and etc. The English micrometer for example is designed to accurately measure to one-thousand of an inch. . The basic micrometer is used on a number of different devices like the micrometer calliper, inside micrometer and depth gauges. The most commonly used is the micrometer calliper. The basic parts of a micrometer calliper inclu de a frame which resembles a C-clamp, an anvil, a spindle, a sleeve and a timble. Micrometers are designed for a range of measurement of 1 inch. The size of the frame determines if the micrometer will measure form 0 to 1 inch, 1 to 2 inch or another range. Limitation It can measure up to 0. 001 inch for a micrometer calliper, 0. 0001 inch for a vernier micrometer Precautions during usage As this is a precision instrument, it should be handled with care or the accuracy will be destroyed. Always keep the micrometer clean and in its required casing. Occasionally, put a drop of light oil on the screw threads and then wipe it with an oily cloth to prevent tarnish and rust. When taking a measurement, use very light pressure. This can be done by setting the micrometer to an oversize dimension and then use the ratchet stop to clamp the spindle against the subject. This will prevent over tightening the object will lead to an inaccurate reading and also damage to the micrometer itself. Dial Test Indicator (DTI) Dial test indicators are precision instruments used to determine the amount of movement existing between certain engine and airframe parts. These indicators are also used to measure alignments of shafts and to check the smoothness of a surface. The DTI are not used for measuring the actual size but to indicate small differences in size. It is graduated in thousands of an inch. Limitations – It can measure up to 0. 001 inch Precaution during usage – Same as the micrometer, this is also regarded as a precision instrument and should be used with care. When not in use it should always be stored in its required casing. 7) Describe how you would make a hole in metal, composite and wood. Discuss in the context of aircraft maintenance. State the precautions to be taken and include any limits or tolerance that the usage of these tools can achieve? Introduction As a maintenance technician, i am often faced with the task of making accurately sized holes in all types of different materials. The tool normally used for drilling such holes is the spiral or twist drill. There are many different types of drills available so i generally have to use different drills, drill speeds, cutting agents and pressure when dealing with different materials. There are two main types of drill machines that can used which are the stationary type (pillar) and the portable type(pneumatic, electric and etc) . The selection of a drill machine should be suited to the job requirement(size, speed, range and configuration) Safety When drilling, personal protection equipment like glasses, goggles or face shields must be used to protect the eyes. The chuck key should always be removed before starting drilling to prevent serious injury. When drilling through structure, always give warning to any personnel working on the opposite side. Always only use a sharp drill with the correct point angle. Never use a drill that is bent. Do not wear any loose clothing or id tags which have the risk of becoming entangled with the drill. General drilling procedure I would first select the correct speed of the drill machine. I would then select the correct type of drill and install it in the chuck. I would then clamp the work piece. I would ensure that i am wearing my eye protection before starting the drilling process. I would then start the drill and press the drill into the work piece using the recommended feed range. I would see the formation of curling chips (swaft). Once the hole has been cut, i would stop the machine and remove the work piece. Metal Drilling Safety – If drilling magnesium or titanium alloys, always ensure that there is fire extinguisher next to you. Metal drills are made of carbon steel, high carbon steel and steel alloys. They are normally made up of three main parts (shank, body and flutes). When drilling soft material like lead and very soft aluminium, the cutting should be 90 degrees. For very hard material like stainless steel, the cutting angle is 150 degrees. The most common drill cutting angle used for normal materials is 118 degrees. The tolerance of a drill diameter for the hole diameter as stated in the SRM of a Boeing 737 is as follows, 1/16 inch to 1/8 inch is +0. 0000 to -0. 0005 inch, 1/8 inch to ? nch is +0. 0000 to -0. 0007inch and above ? is +0. 0000 to -0. 0010 inch. Wood drilling There are three types of wood bit normally used in aviation maintenance. They include the auger bit, the forstner bit and the flat wood boring bit. The tolerance of a drill diameter for the hole diameter is wood is pretty bad. Composite drilling Safety – Do not use cutting coolant when drilling holes into bonded honeycomb or f oam core structures. The coolant may seep into and remain in the structure after the drilling. Drilling holes in composite materials prevents different problems from hose encountered in drilling metal. Composites are more difficult to drill and are more susceptible to failures. Delamination, fracture, breakout and separation are the most common type of failure that might happen. To reduce the possibility of damage, the composite should also be backed by a wood block. Carbide and diamond drill bits are normally used to drill on all types of composites. An exception to this is aramid fibre where only a brad point and c-shaped cutting edge should be used to reduce the amount of fuzz produced. The best cutting angle for composites is 135 degrees. 8) There is water contamination in the fuel tank. How would you carry out a water fuel contamination test and what are the other tests you could carry out? Introduction The different types of fuel contamination are water contamination which can cause problems through freezing or gelling of fuel in filters, solid particle contamination which causes blockages and microbial contamination which can cause corrosion. All of this are a risk to flight safety which is why fuel contamination checks are necessary. Safety The aircraft should be in a safe condition for maintenance in accordance with the appropriate maintenance manual. The aircraft should be correctly bonded and the person taking the fuel sample should be qualified and properly trained to do so. The person taking the sample should be aware of all fire and health and safety risks and turn off all portable electronic devices. Samples should be taken and tested with the appropriate maintenance manual and all necessary personal protective equipment like goggles should be worn. Fuel samples taken should be stored in a clean clear glass jars for a minimum of 7 days. There should be clearly labelled and when disposed of, they should be disposed of in accordance with the maintenance facilities company procedures. Taking the sample The maintenance manual will explain where to take the sample from and how to check it for contamination. Fuel samples are normally taken from the fuel sumps. Water contamination may be detected by using a visual assessment or chemical water detector (litmus paper or water finding paste). The colour of AVGAS is blue, red or green while jet A-1 fuel is un-dyed and can vary in appearance between the colour of clear water to straw yellow. A visual assessment can’t be used for turbine fuels. Turbine fuels should only be tested using a chemical water detector. The chemical water detector will normally change colour to indicate the presence of water. If a sample is found to contain water, the water contamination test should be repeated to reaffirm the finding. If water contamination is confirmed to be found, refer to the appropriate maintenance manual for the next course of action. The next course of action would normally include draining all the fuel in the fuel tank until the contamination has been eliminated. The fuel filters might also require inspection for any signs of contamination. Further investigation may also include removal of fuel tank access panels and fuel tank entry. Other test Microbial growth test – This test would normally include the same procedure as above for getting a fuel sample. The fuel sample would then be tested using approved test kits like FUELSTAT and MicrobMonitor 2 or even sent to the laboratory. Certification Any work carried out must be inspected and certified by an appropriately licensed engineer with the appropriate aircraft type approval. The certifying engineer must issue a certificate to release to service and enter a maintenance statement in the technical log. 9) You notice there is no hydraulic indicated on the LH system. Detail your action Assumptions As there is no hydraulic indication on the LH system, i would assume that the aircraft is already powered up and the hydraulic pumps have been turned on. Before consulting the manuals and gathering further information, i would carry out some simple troubleshooting. First, i would look at the circuit breaker panel to determine if any of the circuit breakers has been pulled. If that doesn’t work, i would carry out a bite test from the cockpit. If both of those don’t work, i would proceed with the next step. Gathering information I would refer to the technical log to determine if the defect is a known defect or it is new. If it is already written in the technical log, i would refer to the deferred defect log to see if any rectification or troubleshooting has been done. If it is not a known defect, i would refer again to the technical log to see if the aircraft has a history of this defect and what were the rectifications that had been carried out. If the aircraft has a system like EICAS or ECAM, i would refer to the synoptic pages or maintenance pages to determine if the pumps or other components are working. If the aircraft has a central maintenance computer like the Boeing 777, i would access the maintenance access terminal to interrogate the system and determine what the possible problem is. I would then consult the aircraft maintenance manual and troubleshooting manual for the rectification procedures. Safety Turn off the hydraulic power before carrying out any troubleshooting or rectification work. Isolate all electrical power from the aircraft and pull any necessary circuit breakers. If electrical or hydraulic power is needed for the troubleshooting process, take all necessary safety precautions like informing all the people working around the aircraft and ensure that you get clearance from the personnel on ground before switching it on. Wear any personal protective equipment if required. Troubleshooting With reference to the aircraft maintenance manual and troubleshooting manual, the possible causes could be as follows; 1) Indicator inoperative ) Sensor inoperative 3) Wiring defective or short circuit 4) Hydraulic pump inoperative Rectification If any of the components needed replacement, i would first remove the component in accordance with the aircraft maintenance manual. The removed component would be properly labelled and placed in quarantine. The new component received should have an EASA Form 1 or FAA 8130-3. I would ensure that it complies with the generic requirements for acceptance of new parts and bogus parts as stated in CAP 747. I would also ensure that it is serviceable and in good condition. Certification and documentation I would get someone to perform a duplicate inspection if necessary before signing the CRS. I would also make a maintenance statement in the technical log and clear it to allow the aircraft into the service. 10) Describe the inspection insitu of a brake unit. What would be your actions if you find a brake unit worn to limits? Introduction The aircraft brakes are one of the most critical components on the aircraft. Its failure could has a devastating impact of the aircraft and the safety of its passengers. With that in mind, the inspection of the brake unit is normally done in-situ on every aircraft during a transit check. Safety Always install the landing gear down lock pins and steering system bypass pin is to prevent injury to any personnel working on the landing gear due to sudden retraction. Ensure that there are chocks on the tires. If hydraulic power is required, ensure that all personnel are informed and clear of the flight controls surfaces, thrust reverser and landing gear. This is to prevent any injury to personnel because this components can move suddenly when hydraulic power is applied. Inspection The inspection of a brake is divided into a few parts. First i would examine the brake unit for wear. This has to be done with the brakes set. Once the brakes have been applied, i would check the wear indicator pins. As long as the wear indicator pins are within the limitations of the aircraft maintenance manual, the brake is still considered serviceable. To get a fully accurate reading of this, the brakes should be cold. Besides that i would also ensure that there are no wear indicator pins missing. Second, i would inspect the brake unit for any leaks. Special attention should be paid to the brake pistons, brake housing ports, inlet and drain ports and bleed ports. This should be done with the brakes released and the brake set. If any leaks are found, cross refer the limitations in the aircraft maintenance manual with the leak rate that is found. Finally i will do a general visual inspection of the brake unit for any signs of cracks, broken parts, distortions, parts that show a large amount of wear and any other damage which is visible. Replacement Safety – Ensure that the required circuit breakers are pulled out and the cockpit is properly placarded to ensure no one accidentally operates the brakes or switches on the hydraulic system when the replacement task is be carried out. This can cause serious injury to personnel. If the brake unit is still hot, ensure that the unit is adequately cooled down before any personnel starts working on it. This again can cause serious injury to the personnel. If the brake unit requires replacement, i would order a replacement brake unit with reference to the Illustrated parts catalog(IPC). I would pay particular attention to the aircraft effectivity and the modification status of the unit when ordering the new unit. I would then remove the old brake unit in accordance with the aircraft maintenance manual. The removed unit would be properly labelled using an unserviceable label and placed in quarantine. The new brake unit should have an EASA form 1/FAA 8130-3. I would ensure that the unit received is the correct unit by cross-checking the part number, serial number, modification status and etc with the one that i ordered. I would also ensure that it complies with the generic requirements for acceptance of new parts and bogus parts as stated in CAP 747 and that the unit is serviceable and in a good condition. The installation task for a new brake unit requires it to be tightened to a certain torque limit. As a safety precaution, i would ensure that the torque wrenches used are in good condition and calibrated. Certification and documentation I as an approved personnel will certify the certificate to release to service once i am satisfied with the replacement. I would also make a maintenance statement in the technical log to allow the aircraft into service.